CVE-2025-41362: CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in ZIV IDF and ZLF
Code injection vulnerability in IDF v0.10.0-0C03-03 and ZLF v0.10.0-0C03-04. This vulnerability allows an attacker to store malicious payload in software that will run in the victim's browser. Exploiting this vulnerability requires authenticating to the device and executing certain commands that can be executed with view permission.
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
CVE-2025-41362 is a code injection vulnerability classified under CWE-94, affecting ZIV's IDF and ZLF products, specifically versions 0.10.0-0C03-03 for IDF and 0.10.0-0C03-04 for ZLF. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker with at least view permissions to inject malicious code into the software, which is then executed within the victim's browser context. This implies that the injected payload is stored persistently in the device's software and executed client-side, potentially enabling cross-site scripting (XSS)-like attacks or other malicious script execution. The vulnerability does not require elevated privileges beyond authenticated view access, nor does it require user interaction to trigger the payload once injected. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no user interaction, and limited scope impact. The vulnerability arises from improper control over code generation, allowing unsafe input to be interpreted or executed as code. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in June 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. The affected products, IDF and ZLF, are software components from ZIV, likely used in industrial or infrastructure contexts given the vendor profile, although exact deployment details are not provided. The attack requires authentication but only with view permissions, which may be easier to obtain or less strictly controlled in some environments, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability could be leveraged to execute arbitrary scripts in users' browsers, potentially leading to session hijacking, data theft, or further compromise of internal systems through chained attacks.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-41362 could be significant, especially if ZIV's IDF and ZLF products are deployed in critical infrastructure, industrial control systems, or enterprise environments. The ability to inject and execute malicious code in users' browsers can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, credential theft, and lateral movement within networks. Since the attack requires only view permissions, insider threats or compromised low-privilege accounts could exploit this vulnerability. The persistent nature of the injected payload increases the risk of prolonged exploitation and data exfiltration. In sectors such as energy, manufacturing, or utilities where ZIV products might be used, this could disrupt operations or lead to espionage. Additionally, the vulnerability could be exploited to bypass security controls or deliver further malware payloads. The medium severity score suggests moderate risk, but the real-world impact depends on the deployment context and the security posture of affected organizations. European entities with remote access or web interfaces to these products are particularly at risk, as the attack vector is network-based and does not require user interaction. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread exploitation occurs.
Mitigation Recommendations
To mitigate CVE-2025-41362, European organizations should first identify all instances of ZIV IDF and ZLF products in their environment and assess their versions. Since no patches are currently linked, organizations should implement compensating controls such as restricting access to the management interfaces to trusted networks and users only, enforcing strong authentication and authorization policies, and monitoring for anomalous activities indicative of code injection attempts. Input validation and sanitization should be reviewed and enhanced if possible within the affected software or through web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block malicious payloads. Organizations should also conduct regular audits of user permissions to ensure that view access is granted only to necessary personnel. Network segmentation can limit the exposure of these devices to untrusted networks. Additionally, implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers on web interfaces can reduce the impact of injected scripts. Monitoring logs for unusual commands or payload storage attempts can provide early detection. Finally, maintain close communication with ZIV for updates or patches and plan for timely deployment once available.
Affected Countries
Germany, France, Italy, Spain, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Belgium, Poland, Sweden, Finland
CVE-2025-41362: CWE-94 Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') in ZIV IDF and ZLF
Description
Code injection vulnerability in IDF v0.10.0-0C03-03 and ZLF v0.10.0-0C03-04. This vulnerability allows an attacker to store malicious payload in software that will run in the victim's browser. Exploiting this vulnerability requires authenticating to the device and executing certain commands that can be executed with view permission.
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
CVE-2025-41362 is a code injection vulnerability classified under CWE-94, affecting ZIV's IDF and ZLF products, specifically versions 0.10.0-0C03-03 for IDF and 0.10.0-0C03-04 for ZLF. The vulnerability allows an authenticated attacker with at least view permissions to inject malicious code into the software, which is then executed within the victim's browser context. This implies that the injected payload is stored persistently in the device's software and executed client-side, potentially enabling cross-site scripting (XSS)-like attacks or other malicious script execution. The vulnerability does not require elevated privileges beyond authenticated view access, nor does it require user interaction to trigger the payload once injected. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (medium severity), reflecting network attack vector, low attack complexity, no user interaction, and limited scope impact. The vulnerability arises from improper control over code generation, allowing unsafe input to be interpreted or executed as code. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was reserved in April 2025 and published in June 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure. The affected products, IDF and ZLF, are software components from ZIV, likely used in industrial or infrastructure contexts given the vendor profile, although exact deployment details are not provided. The attack requires authentication but only with view permissions, which may be easier to obtain or less strictly controlled in some environments, increasing the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability could be leveraged to execute arbitrary scripts in users' browsers, potentially leading to session hijacking, data theft, or further compromise of internal systems through chained attacks.
Potential Impact
For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-41362 could be significant, especially if ZIV's IDF and ZLF products are deployed in critical infrastructure, industrial control systems, or enterprise environments. The ability to inject and execute malicious code in users' browsers can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, credential theft, and lateral movement within networks. Since the attack requires only view permissions, insider threats or compromised low-privilege accounts could exploit this vulnerability. The persistent nature of the injected payload increases the risk of prolonged exploitation and data exfiltration. In sectors such as energy, manufacturing, or utilities where ZIV products might be used, this could disrupt operations or lead to espionage. Additionally, the vulnerability could be exploited to bypass security controls or deliver further malware payloads. The medium severity score suggests moderate risk, but the real-world impact depends on the deployment context and the security posture of affected organizations. European entities with remote access or web interfaces to these products are particularly at risk, as the attack vector is network-based and does not require user interaction. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread exploitation occurs.
Mitigation Recommendations
To mitigate CVE-2025-41362, European organizations should first identify all instances of ZIV IDF and ZLF products in their environment and assess their versions. Since no patches are currently linked, organizations should implement compensating controls such as restricting access to the management interfaces to trusted networks and users only, enforcing strong authentication and authorization policies, and monitoring for anomalous activities indicative of code injection attempts. Input validation and sanitization should be reviewed and enhanced if possible within the affected software or through web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block malicious payloads. Organizations should also conduct regular audits of user permissions to ensure that view access is granted only to necessary personnel. Network segmentation can limit the exposure of these devices to untrusted networks. Additionally, implementing Content Security Policy (CSP) headers on web interfaces can reduce the impact of injected scripts. Monitoring logs for unusual commands or payload storage attempts can provide early detection. Finally, maintain close communication with ZIV for updates or patches and plan for timely deployment once available.
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Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.1
- Assigner Short Name
- INCIBE
- Date Reserved
- 2025-04-16T09:57:04.871Z
- Cvss Version
- 4.0
- State
- PUBLISHED
Threat ID: 6842df081a426642debcb50e
Added to database: 6/6/2025, 12:28:56 PM
Last enriched: 7/7/2025, 6:14:34 PM
Last updated: 8/3/2025, 10:22:48 PM
Views: 15
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