CVE-2025-41716 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in the WAGO Solution Builder web application. The root cause is a missing authentication mechanism for a critical function that allows unauthenticated remote attackers to enumerate existing user accounts along with their associated roles. Specifically, the vulnerability falls under CWE-306, which pertains to missing authentication for critical functions. This means that certain endpoints or functionalities within the Solution Builder are accessible without any form of authentication, enabling attackers to gather sensitive information about user accounts. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.3, indicating a moderate risk level. The vector details (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) reveal that the attack can be performed remotely over the network without any privileges or user interaction, and it impacts confidentiality only, with no effect on integrity or availability. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the exposure of user account information and roles can facilitate further targeted attacks such as social engineering, phishing, or brute force attempts. The affected product is WAGO Solution Builder, a tool likely used in industrial automation or control system environments, given WAGO's market focus. The affected version is listed as 0.0.0, which may indicate an initial or default version identifier, suggesting that the vulnerability could be present in early or all versions unless patched. No patch links are currently available, implying that remediation may require vendor intervention or configuration changes. Overall, this vulnerability represents a significant information disclosure risk that could be leveraged as a stepping stone for more severe attacks if combined with other vulnerabilities or weaknesses in the environment.

For European organizations, especially those operating in industrial automation, manufacturing, or critical infrastructure sectors where WAGO products are commonly deployed, this vulnerability poses a notable risk. Disclosure of user accounts and roles can undermine security by revealing privileged accounts or administrative roles, enabling attackers to tailor their attack strategies more effectively. This can lead to increased susceptibility to credential-based attacks, targeted phishing campaigns, or lateral movement within networks. While the vulnerability does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the information leakage can facilitate subsequent attacks that might. Given the critical nature of industrial control systems in Europe’s energy, manufacturing, and transportation sectors, exploitation could indirectly impact operational continuity and safety. Furthermore, compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR may be affected if user information is exposed, potentially leading to legal and reputational consequences. The lack of authentication on critical functions also indicates potential gaps in the security posture of the affected application, which may reflect broader security risks if not addressed promptly.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations using WAGO Solution Builder should first verify whether they are running affected versions and restrict access to the application to trusted networks only, employing network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure. Implementing strong access controls and ensuring that all critical functions require proper authentication is essential. Until an official patch is released, organizations can conduct manual testing to identify unauthenticated endpoints and apply compensating controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to block unauthenticated requests to sensitive functions. Monitoring and logging access attempts to the Solution Builder can help detect suspicious activities early. Additionally, organizations should engage with WAGO support to obtain updates on patches or security advisories. Regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on authentication mechanisms in industrial applications are recommended to uncover similar issues proactively. Finally, educating staff about the risks of information disclosure and enforcing strong password policies can reduce the risk of follow-on attacks leveraging leaked user information.