CVE-2025-42875 identifies a vulnerability in the SAP NetWeaver Internet Communication Framework, specifically related to missing authentication for critical functions (CWE-306). The flaw arises because the framework does not perform adequate authentication checks on certain features that require user identification, allowing attackers to reuse authorization tokens improperly. This token reuse violates secure authentication principles and can lead to unauthorized access or actions within the SAP environment. The vulnerability affects a broad range of SAP_BASIS versions from 700 through 758, indicating a long-standing issue across multiple releases. The CVSS 3.1 score of 6.6 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L) indicates that the attack can be performed remotely over the network with low attack complexity but requires high privileges, no user interaction, and has a scope change affecting confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a low level. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a risk to organizations relying on SAP NetWeaver for critical business processes. The missing authentication checks could allow attackers with existing privileged access to escalate their capabilities or perform unauthorized operations, potentially leading to data leakage, data manipulation, or service disruption. The vulnerability underscores the importance of robust authentication mechanisms within enterprise communication frameworks, especially in complex ERP environments like SAP.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-42875 can be significant in environments where SAP NetWeaver is a core component of enterprise resource planning and business operations. The vulnerability allows attackers with high privileges to bypass authentication controls on critical functions, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or disruption of business processes. Although the direct impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low, the ability to reuse authorization tokens improperly can facilitate lateral movement or privilege escalation within the SAP environment. This can undermine trust in the integrity of financial, operational, and personal data managed by SAP systems. Given SAP's widespread adoption in Europe across sectors such as manufacturing, finance, utilities, and public administration, exploitation could disrupt critical services and cause regulatory compliance issues, especially under GDPR and other data protection regulations. The lack of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk, but the vulnerability remains a concern for organizations with exposed or poorly segmented SAP infrastructure.

Organizations should prioritize the following mitigation steps: 1) Monitor SAP security advisories closely and apply official patches or updates from SAP as soon as they become available for the affected SAP_BASIS versions. 2) Restrict network access to the SAP NetWeaver Internet Communication Framework components, limiting exposure to trusted internal networks and enforcing strict access controls. 3) Implement robust monitoring and logging of authorization token usage to detect anomalies indicative of token reuse or unauthorized access attempts. 4) Conduct regular audits of user privileges within SAP environments to minimize the number of users with high-level access, reducing the risk of token misuse. 5) Employ multi-factor authentication (MFA) where possible to strengthen authentication mechanisms around critical SAP functions. 6) Segment SAP environments from other corporate networks to contain potential exploitation impact. 7) Educate SAP administrators and security teams about this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving token misuse. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on SAP-specific controls and operational practices.