CVE-2025-43215 is a vulnerability identified in Apple macOS that arises from improper handling of specially crafted image files. When a user processes such a malicious image, the system may inadvertently disclose portions of process memory, potentially exposing sensitive data such as credentials, cryptographic keys, or other confidential information stored in memory. The root cause relates to insufficient validation or sanitization of image data before processing, categorized under CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor). Exploitation requires local access and user interaction, as the victim must open or otherwise process the malicious image file. The vulnerability does not allow modification of data or denial of service but compromises confidentiality. Apple addressed this issue by implementing improved input validation and memory handling checks in macOS Sequoia 15.6. No public exploits have been reported, indicating limited active exploitation. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5 (medium), reflecting the local attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, but user interaction needed, and high impact on confidentiality only. This vulnerability highlights the risks associated with processing untrusted media files and the importance of robust input validation in operating system components handling multimedia content.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a risk of sensitive data leakage from macOS systems if attackers can trick users into opening malicious images. Confidential information such as authentication tokens, personal data, or proprietary information residing in process memory could be exposed, potentially facilitating further attacks or data breaches. Although exploitation requires local access and user interaction, targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns could be effective vectors. Sectors with high macOS usage—such as creative industries, software development, finance, and government—may face increased risk. Data protection regulations like GDPR heighten the consequences of such leaks, potentially leading to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The vulnerability does not affect system integrity or availability, so operational disruption is unlikely. However, the confidentiality impact combined with the widespread use of macOS in certain European markets makes timely remediation critical to prevent data exposure incidents.

1. Upgrade all macOS systems to macOS Sequoia 15.6 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Implement strict policies to restrict opening image files from untrusted or unknown sources, especially in environments with sensitive data. 3. Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited image files and train them to recognize phishing or social engineering attempts. 4. Employ endpoint security solutions capable of scanning and blocking malicious media files before they reach end users. 5. Use application whitelisting or sandboxing to limit the impact of malicious files if opened. 6. Monitor system logs and user activity for unusual behavior that could indicate exploitation attempts. 7. Regularly review and update incident response plans to include scenarios involving memory disclosure vulnerabilities. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on user behavior, file handling policies, and layered defenses tailored to the nature of this vulnerability.