CVE-2025-43374 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple’s kernel across multiple operating systems including macOS (Sonoma 14.7.3, Ventura 13.7.3, Sequoia 15.5), iOS (18.5), iPadOS (17.7.7 and 18.5), visionOS 2.5, and watchOS 11.5. The vulnerability arises from an out-of-bounds read condition in kernel memory, which occurs due to insufficient bounds checking in certain kernel operations. An attacker with physical proximity to the target device can trigger this flaw to read memory beyond the intended boundaries. This can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive kernel memory contents, potentially leaking sensitive information such as cryptographic keys, passwords, or other critical data stored in kernel space. Although the vulnerability does not directly allow code execution or privilege escalation, the information disclosure can facilitate further attacks or compromise system integrity. Apple has addressed this issue by implementing improved bounds checking in the affected OS versions. The vulnerability does not require remote network access or user interaction beyond physical proximity, which limits its exploitation scope but raises concerns in environments where devices are physically accessible to adversaries. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, but the presence of a kernel memory disclosure vulnerability warrants prompt patching. The lack of a CVSS score means severity must be assessed based on impact and exploitability factors.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-43374 is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive kernel memory data on Apple devices. This could compromise confidentiality of critical information, including cryptographic material or system secrets, which in turn could undermine the security posture of affected systems. Organizations with high-value intellectual property, sensitive personal data, or critical infrastructure relying on Apple devices are at risk if attackers gain physical access to these devices. The vulnerability does not directly cause denial of service or integrity violations but can be a stepping stone for more sophisticated attacks. Sectors such as government, finance, healthcare, and technology in Europe, where Apple devices are prevalent, may face increased risk. Physical proximity requirement reduces the likelihood of widespread remote exploitation but raises concerns for environments with shared or public access to devices. Failure to patch could lead to targeted attacks exploiting this vulnerability to extract sensitive information, potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations.

European organizations should prioritize deploying the Apple OS updates that address this vulnerability: iPadOS 17.7.7, iOS 18.5, visionOS 2.5, macOS Sonoma 14.7.3, macOS Ventura 13.7.3, macOS Sequoia 15.5, and watchOS 11.5. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict physical security controls to limit unauthorized physical access to Apple devices, especially in shared or public environments. Device management policies should include encryption of sensitive data and enable features like activation lock and secure boot to reduce risk. Regular audits of device access and monitoring for suspicious physical access attempts are recommended. For high-risk environments, consider disabling or restricting use of vulnerable devices until patched. Employee awareness training on physical security and device handling can further reduce exposure. Additionally, organizations should review and update incident response plans to include scenarios involving physical device compromise.