CVE-2025-43448 is a sandbox escape vulnerability affecting Apple operating systems including macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, iOS 26.1, iPadOS 26.1, watchOS 26.1, and tvOS 26.1. The root cause lies in insufficient validation of symbolic links (symlinks) by the operating system, which an application can exploit to break out of its sandbox environment. Sandboxing is a critical security mechanism that restricts applications to a limited set of resources and permissions, preventing them from accessing or modifying system files or other apps' data. By exploiting this vulnerability, a malicious app could bypass these restrictions, potentially gaining unauthorized access to sensitive system resources or user data. The vulnerability was addressed by Apple through improved symlink validation in the mentioned OS versions. Although no active exploits have been reported, the vulnerability's nature makes it a significant risk, especially if a malicious app is installed on a device. The lack of a CVSS score requires an assessment based on the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, the ease of exploitation, and the scope of affected systems. Since the vulnerability allows sandbox escape without requiring additional authentication or user interaction beyond app installation, it is considered high severity. This vulnerability affects a broad range of Apple devices used in both consumer and enterprise environments, making it relevant for organizations relying on Apple ecosystems.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive information, data leakage, and potential privilege escalation on Apple devices. Since sandboxing is a fundamental security control for apps, its bypass could allow malicious applications to perform actions beyond their intended scope, such as accessing confidential files, installing persistent malware, or interfering with system operations. This risk is particularly critical for sectors handling sensitive data, including finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. The impact extends to mobile devices (iOS, iPadOS), desktops (macOS), and other Apple platforms (watchOS, tvOS), which are increasingly used in corporate environments. Exploitation could undermine endpoint security, leading to broader network compromise if devices are connected to corporate networks. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits following public disclosure. Failure to apply patches promptly could expose organizations to targeted attacks or supply chain risks through malicious apps.

European organizations should immediately deploy the security updates released by Apple: visionOS 26.1, macOS Sonoma 14.8.2, macOS Sequoia 15.7.2, watchOS 26.1, iOS 26.1, and iPadOS 26.1. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict application vetting policies, limiting installation to trusted sources such as the Apple App Store and using Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions to control app deployment. Implement runtime monitoring to detect anomalous app behavior indicative of sandbox escape attempts. Employ endpoint protection solutions capable of detecting privilege escalation or unauthorized access patterns on Apple devices. Educate users about the risks of installing untrusted applications and enforce least privilege principles to minimize the potential damage from compromised apps. Regularly audit device compliance and maintain an inventory of Apple devices to ensure timely patch management. Consider network segmentation to isolate Apple devices with sensitive data access and monitor network traffic for unusual activity originating from these devices. Finally, keep abreast of any emerging exploit reports or indicators of compromise related to this vulnerability.