CVE-2025-43533 is a vulnerability identified in Apple tvOS and other Apple operating systems including watchOS, iOS, iPadOS, macOS Tahoe, and visionOS, all patched in version 26.2. The root cause is multiple memory corruption issues stemming from inadequate input validation when processing data from Human Interface Devices (HIDs). A malicious HID device—such as a keyboard, mouse, or other peripheral—crafted to exploit these flaws can cause unexpected process crashes, leading to denial of service conditions. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-20 (Improper Input Validation), indicating that the system fails to properly verify or sanitize input data from external devices. Exploitation requires an attacker to have physical or logical access to connect a malicious HID device to the target system. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.7, with vector AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, meaning the attack vector is adjacent network (or local), low attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required, unchanged scope, no confidentiality or integrity impact, but high impact on availability. Apple has released patches in tvOS 26.2 and corresponding OS updates to address these issues by improving input validation mechanisms. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, but the vulnerability poses a risk of denial of service through process crashes triggered by malicious peripherals.

The primary impact of CVE-2025-43533 is on system availability, as exploitation causes unexpected process crashes on Apple tvOS devices and other affected Apple operating systems. This can disrupt normal device operation, potentially leading to denial of service conditions. For organizations relying on Apple TV devices for digital signage, conferencing, or media delivery, such disruptions could affect business continuity and user experience. Since the vulnerability does not compromise confidentiality or integrity, data theft or manipulation is not a direct concern. However, repeated crashes could degrade device reliability and increase support costs. The requirement for physical or logical access to connect a malicious HID device limits remote exploitation, but insider threats or attackers with temporary access could leverage this vulnerability. The absence of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate risk, but unpatched systems remain vulnerable to targeted attacks. Overall, the impact is medium severity, primarily affecting availability and operational stability.

To mitigate CVE-2025-43533, organizations and users should promptly apply the Apple security updates released in tvOS 26.2 and corresponding versions of watchOS, iOS, iPadOS, macOS Tahoe, and visionOS. Beyond patching, organizations should enforce strict physical security controls to prevent unauthorized access to Apple devices, limiting the ability of attackers to connect malicious HID peripherals. Implement device usage policies that restrict or monitor the use of external input devices, especially in sensitive environments. Employ endpoint security solutions capable of detecting anomalous USB or HID device behavior. For environments with high security requirements, consider disabling unused USB or HID ports or using USB device management tools to whitelist approved devices. Regularly audit connected peripherals and educate users about the risks of connecting unknown devices. Monitoring system logs for unusual process crashes may help detect attempted exploitation. These layered controls reduce the risk of exploitation beyond simply applying patches.