CVE-2025-43537 is a security vulnerability identified in Apple’s iOS and iPadOS operating systems related to the restoration of backup files. The root cause is a path handling flaw that allows a maliciously crafted backup file to bypass validation checks during the restore process. This flaw enables an attacker to modify protected system files, which are normally safeguarded against unauthorized changes. Such modifications can compromise the integrity of the operating system, potentially leading to privilege escalation, persistent malware installation, or disruption of device functionality. The vulnerability affects versions prior to iOS and iPadOS 18.7.5, where Apple has implemented improved validation to address the issue. No public exploits are currently known, but the nature of the flaw suggests that an attacker with the ability to provide a backup file during restore could exploit it. The vulnerability does not require user interaction beyond initiating a restore and does not require authentication if the attacker can supply the backup file. This makes it particularly dangerous in scenarios where devices are restored from backups obtained from untrusted or compromised sources. The lack of a CVSS score necessitates an assessment based on impact and exploitability factors, which indicate a high severity due to the potential for system-level compromise and the relative ease of exploitation if the attacker controls the backup file.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in sectors where iOS and iPadOS devices are integral to operations, such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure. Unauthorized modification of system files can lead to device compromise, data breaches, and disruption of business processes. Organizations that perform device management and restoration from backups, particularly in enterprise or managed service environments, may inadvertently introduce malicious backups leading to widespread compromise. The integrity and availability of mobile endpoints could be severely affected, undermining trust in device security and potentially exposing sensitive corporate or personal data. Furthermore, the ability to alter system files could facilitate persistent malware or backdoors, complicating incident response and remediation efforts. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as threat actors often develop exploits rapidly after vulnerability disclosure.

1. Immediately update all iOS and iPadOS devices to version 18.7.5 or later where the vulnerability is patched. 2. Implement strict controls on backup file sources; only restore from backups created and stored in trusted, secure environments. 3. Employ mobile device management (MDM) solutions that can enforce policies restricting unauthorized restore operations. 4. Educate users and administrators about the risks of restoring backups from unverified sources. 5. Monitor device restore activities and audit logs for unusual or unauthorized restore attempts. 6. Where possible, use encrypted backups with strong access controls to prevent tampering. 7. Develop incident response plans that include procedures for handling suspected exploitation of backup restore vulnerabilities. 8. Coordinate with Apple support and security advisories to stay informed about any emerging exploit techniques or additional patches.