CVE-2025-43584 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability (CWE-125) affecting Adobe Substance3D - Viewer versions 0.22 and earlier. This flaw allows an attacker to craft a malicious file that, when opened by a victim using the vulnerable viewer, triggers the application to read memory beyond the intended buffer boundaries. Such out-of-bounds reads can lead to disclosure of sensitive information stored in adjacent memory regions, potentially exposing confidential data such as cryptographic keys, user credentials, or other sensitive application data. The vulnerability requires user interaction, specifically the victim must open a maliciously crafted file, which limits the attack vector to social engineering or targeted delivery of files. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5 (medium severity), reflecting the local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), high confidentiality impact (C:H), no integrity impact (I:N), and no availability impact (A:N). There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no patches have been released yet. The vulnerability affects early versions of the product, which is used primarily for viewing 3D assets and materials in creative workflows. Given the nature of the vulnerability, it is primarily a confidentiality risk rather than integrity or availability. The lack of patches means organizations must rely on mitigation and cautious handling of files until an update is available.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-43584 lies in the potential leakage of sensitive information through the Adobe Substance3D - Viewer application. Organizations involved in digital content creation, design, gaming, or media production that use Substance3D - Viewer may be at risk of confidential data exposure if employees open maliciously crafted 3D asset files. This could lead to intellectual property theft or exposure of sensitive project data. Since the vulnerability requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver malicious files, increasing the risk in environments with less stringent user training or file handling policies. The confidentiality breach could also have regulatory implications under GDPR if personal or sensitive data is exposed. However, the lack of integrity or availability impact reduces the risk of system disruption or data manipulation. The medium severity score suggests a moderate risk level, but organizations with high-value intellectual property or sensitive creative workflows should prioritize mitigation. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits once the vulnerability is public.

Until Adobe releases a patch, European organizations should implement specific mitigations to reduce risk. First, enforce strict file handling policies for 3D asset files, including scanning all incoming files with advanced malware detection solutions capable of analyzing 3D file formats. Educate users on the risks of opening files from untrusted or unknown sources, emphasizing caution with files received via email or external media. Employ application whitelisting to restrict Substance3D - Viewer usage to trusted users and environments. Consider isolating the viewer application in sandboxed or virtualized environments to contain potential data leakage. Monitor network and endpoint logs for unusual file access or suspicious user behavior related to 3D asset files. Additionally, maintain up-to-date backups of critical data and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving data disclosure. Once Adobe releases a patch, prioritize immediate deployment across all affected systems. Finally, coordinate with Adobe support or security advisories for updates and further guidance.