CVE-2025-4481 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in SourceCodester Apartment Visitor Management System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in the /search-result.php file, specifically through the 'searchdata' parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, which the system processes without proper sanitization or parameterization. This allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation. The CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the fact that the attack vector is network-based, requires no privileges or user interaction, but the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited to low. The vulnerability could allow attackers to read, modify, or delete data stored in the database, potentially leading to unauthorized data disclosure or data integrity issues. However, the absence of known exploits in the wild suggests that active exploitation is not yet widespread. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, and no official patches have been published at the time of this report.

For European organizations using the SourceCodester Apartment Visitor Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of visitor data and potentially other sensitive information stored in the system's database. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personal data of residents and visitors, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, which could result in legal penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could alter or delete records, disrupting visitor management operations and potentially causing safety or operational issues in residential or commercial buildings. Given the remote exploitation capability without authentication, attackers could launch automated attacks at scale. The impact is particularly critical for organizations managing large apartment complexes or facilities with high visitor traffic, where data accuracy and security are paramount.

1. Immediate mitigation should include implementing input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /search-result.php script to prevent SQL injection. 2. If source code modification is not immediately feasible, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'searchdata' parameter can reduce risk. 3. Conduct a thorough audit of all input handling in the application to identify and remediate similar injection points. 4. Monitor logs for suspicious query patterns or repeated failed attempts to exploit the vulnerability. 5. Restrict database user permissions to the minimum necessary to limit the impact of any successful injection. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop official patches or updates. 7. Educate system administrators and security teams about the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans are updated accordingly.