CVE-2025-4686 is a vulnerability categorized under CWE-89, indicating improper neutralization of special elements used in SQL commands, commonly known as SQL Injection. It affects the Online Exam and Assessment software developed by Kodmatic Computer Software Tourism Construction Industry and Trade Ltd. Co. The vulnerability exists because the software fails to properly sanitize or parameterize user inputs before including them in SQL queries. This allows an unauthenticated attacker to craft malicious input that alters the intended SQL command, potentially enabling unauthorized data access, data modification, or denial of service. The CVSS v3.1 score of 8.6 reflects a high severity, with an attack vector of network (remote exploitation), low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patches or vendor responses have been issued, increasing the risk of exploitation. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the vulnerability's nature and lack of mitigation make it a critical concern for organizations relying on this software for online examinations and assessments, where data integrity and availability are paramount.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses significant risks, especially those in education, certification, and training sectors using the affected Online Exam and Assessment software. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive exam data, manipulation of assessment results, or disruption of exam services, undermining trust and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. The availability impact could cause operational downtime during critical exam periods, affecting students and institutions. Integrity breaches may allow attackers to alter exam content or results, compromising the validity of assessments. Confidentiality loss could expose personal data of candidates and staff. The lack of vendor patches increases the likelihood of exploitation attempts, potentially leading to reputational damage and legal consequences for affected organizations.

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the Online Exam and Assessment software. Network segmentation and strict access controls should limit exposure of the affected systems to trusted users and networks only. Input validation and sanitization should be enforced at the application layer where possible, including reviewing and updating custom code or plugins interacting with the software. Monitoring and logging of database queries and application logs should be enhanced to detect anomalous activities indicative of SQL injection attempts. Organizations should also prepare incident response plans specific to this vulnerability and consider temporary suspension of the affected services during critical periods if exploitation risk is high. Engaging with cybersecurity vendors for threat intelligence and potential virtual patching solutions is recommended until official fixes are released.