CVE-2025-47128 is a high-severity integer underflow vulnerability (CWE-191) affecting Adobe FrameMaker versions 2020.8, 2022.6, and earlier. The flaw arises from improper handling of integer values within the software, leading to an integer underflow condition. This underflow can cause wraparound behavior, which attackers can exploit to manipulate memory and potentially execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the current user. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically opening a maliciously crafted FrameMaker file. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as successful exploitation could allow attackers to run arbitrary code, potentially leading to data theft, system compromise, or denial of service. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity, with the vector indicating local attack vector (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet, suggesting that mitigation may rely on workarounds or vendor updates in the near future.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-47128 can be significant, especially for those relying on Adobe FrameMaker for technical documentation, publishing, or content creation. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, enabling attackers to access sensitive corporate data, intellectual property, or disrupt business operations. Given the high confidentiality and integrity impact, organizations handling regulated or sensitive information (e.g., finance, healthcare, government) face increased risk of data breaches or compliance violations. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be leveraged to deliver malicious files, increasing the threat vector. Additionally, compromised systems could be used as footholds for lateral movement within networks, amplifying the risk of broader organizational compromise.

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Educate users about the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected FrameMaker files, emphasizing caution with email attachments and downloads. 2) Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing to restrict FrameMaker’s ability to execute arbitrary code or access critical system resources. 3) Monitor and restrict FrameMaker file handling to trusted sources only, potentially using file integrity monitoring or DLP solutions to detect anomalous file activity. 4) Maintain up-to-date backups of critical documentation to enable recovery in case of compromise. 5) Coordinate with Adobe for timely patch deployment once available; until then, consider disabling FrameMaker or limiting its use in high-risk environments. 6) Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to identify suspicious behaviors indicative of exploitation attempts. 7) Use email filtering and attachment scanning to block or flag potentially malicious FrameMaker files.