CVE-2025-4772 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in PHPGurukul Online Course Registration version 3.1, specifically within the /admin/department.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'department' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL code, potentially manipulating the backend database. Exploitation does not require any user interaction or authentication, making it accessible to any remote attacker. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but present, as the CVSS vector indicates low impact on these aspects. The vulnerability does not require privileges or user interaction, and the attack complexity is low, making exploitation feasible. Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation. The affected product is a web-based online course registration system, likely used by educational institutions to manage course enrollments and departmental data. The SQL Injection could allow attackers to extract sensitive data, modify records, or disrupt service availability by manipulating database queries. Given the administrative context of the vulnerable script, the impact could extend to unauthorized data access or modification of critical academic or administrative data.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions using PHPGurukul Online Course Registration 3.1, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data access and potential data integrity compromise. Attackers could extract sensitive student or staff information, alter course registration data, or disrupt administrative operations. This could lead to privacy violations under GDPR, reputational damage, and operational disruptions. The medium severity rating suggests the impact is significant but not catastrophic; however, the ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the urgency of addressing the issue. Institutions relying on this software may face compliance risks and potential legal consequences if data breaches occur. Additionally, the disruption of course registration processes could affect academic scheduling and student services, impacting institutional efficiency.

1. Immediate application of patches or updates from PHPGurukul once available is critical. Since no patch links are currently provided, organizations should monitor vendor communications closely. 2. Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL Injection attempts targeting the 'department' parameter in /admin/department.php. 3. Conduct a thorough code review and input validation enhancement for all parameters in the affected application, especially those interacting with SQL queries. 4. Employ parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL Injection vulnerabilities in the application code. 5. Restrict access to the /admin directory through network segmentation or IP whitelisting to limit exposure. 6. Monitor database logs for unusual queries or access patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 7. Educate administrative users about the vulnerability and encourage vigilance for suspicious activity. 8. As a temporary measure, consider disabling or restricting the vulnerable functionality if feasible until a patch is applied.