CVE-2025-4785 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.1 of the PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System, specifically within the /user-profile.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input parameters, namely 'fullname' and 'contactnumber'. An attacker can manipulate these parameters to inject malicious SQL code, which the backend database executes. This flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N). The vulnerability impacts the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the database, potentially enabling unauthorized data access, data modification, or deletion. Despite the CVSS score of 6.9 categorizing it as medium severity, the exploitability is straightforward due to the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements. No official patches have been released yet, and no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, but public disclosure increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability affects only version 1.1 of the product, which is a web-based expense tracking system likely used by individuals or small organizations to manage financial data.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System version 1.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to sensitive financial and personal data stored within the application. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of user profiles, financial records, and contact information, undermining data privacy compliance obligations such as GDPR. Additionally, attackers could alter or delete records, disrupting financial tracking and reporting processes. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the risk of automated attacks, potentially leading to widespread compromise if the system is exposed to the internet. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) or departments relying on this software without robust network segmentation or monitoring may be particularly vulnerable. The absence of known exploits currently limits immediate impact, but public disclosure necessitates prompt mitigation to prevent future attacks.

1. Immediate mitigation should involve restricting external access to the /user-profile.php endpoint through network controls such as firewalls or VPNs, limiting exposure to trusted internal users only. 2. Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to prevent SQL injection. Since no official patch is available, organizations should review and sanitize inputs 'fullname' and 'contactnumber' manually or apply web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting these parameters. 3. Conduct a thorough audit of database access logs and application logs to detect any suspicious activity related to this vulnerability. 4. Plan for an upgrade or patch deployment as soon as the vendor releases a fix. 5. Educate users and administrators about the risks and signs of exploitation attempts. 6. Employ database user accounts with least privilege to limit the impact of potential SQL injection attacks. 7. Regularly back up critical data to enable recovery in case of data integrity compromise.