CVE-2025-47902 identifies a SQL Injection vulnerability (CWE-89) in Microchip Time Provider 4100 devices, specifically affecting versions prior to 2.5. The vulnerability stems from improper neutralization of special characters in SQL commands, which allows an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. The attack vector is adjacent network (AV:A), requiring low attack complexity (AC:L) and low privileges (PR:L), but no user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality and integrity highly (VC:N, VI:H) and availability highly (VA:H), with scope unchanged (SC:N), and impacts on security requirements are high (SI:H, SA:H). This means an attacker with limited privileges on the network segment can execute unauthorized SQL commands, potentially leading to data corruption, unauthorized data access, or disruption of time synchronization services. The Microchip Time Provider 4100 is used in environments requiring precise time synchronization, such as telecommunications, industrial control systems, and critical infrastructure. No patches or exploits are currently known, but the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and should be addressed promptly. The lack of patch links indicates that a fix may still be pending or in development.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those in sectors relying on precise time synchronization such as telecommunications, energy, manufacturing, and finance. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized modification or deletion of time-related data, potentially disrupting network synchronization and causing cascading failures in time-sensitive applications. This can affect transaction integrity, logging accuracy, and operational continuity. Given the high impact on integrity and availability, attackers could manipulate device data or cause denial of service conditions, undermining trust in critical infrastructure. The requirement for only low privileges and no user interaction increases the risk of exploitation in environments where network segmentation or access controls are insufficient. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for mitigation but also underscores the need for proactive defense.

Organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Monitor Microchip’s official channels closely for patch releases and apply updates to Time Provider 4100 devices as soon as they become available. 2) Restrict network access to the management interfaces of Time Provider 4100 devices using firewall rules and network segmentation to limit exposure to adjacent network attackers. 3) Employ strict input validation and sanitization on any interfaces interacting with SQL commands, if customization or integration is performed. 4) Conduct regular security audits and vulnerability scans focusing on time synchronization infrastructure. 5) Implement anomaly detection to identify unusual SQL queries or device behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Maintain robust logging and monitoring to detect early signs of compromise. 7) Where possible, isolate time synchronization devices from general enterprise networks to reduce attack surface. 8) Train operational technology (OT) and IT staff on the risks associated with SQL injection in embedded devices to improve incident response readiness.