CVE-2025-47948 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting the cocotais-bot, a QQ official robot framework built on qq-bot-sdk. The flaw exists in versions starting from 1.5.0-test2-hotfix up to but not including 1.6.2. The vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of special elements in output used by a downstream component, classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component, commonly known as Injection). Specifically, the bot's command echoing feature allows an unauthorized user to inject special platform tags, such as the command `/echo <qqbot-at-everyone />`. This injection causes the bot to send a message that mentions all members in the chat, effectively bypassing any permission controls designed to restrict such mass notifications. The consequence is that an attacker can abuse this to spam or disrupt chat groups by triggering unwanted notifications to all participants, potentially leading to denial of service through notification flooding or social engineering attacks. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, making it remotely exploitable over the network. The CVSS v3.1 score is 7.2, indicating a high severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction, and a scope change. The impact affects integrity and availability but not confidentiality, as the attacker cannot access or modify data beyond sending unauthorized messages. The issue was patched in version 1.6.2 of cocotais-bot. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication.

For European organizations using cocotais-bot in their internal or external communication channels, this vulnerability could lead to significant operational disruption. Unauthorized mass notifications can cause spam and alert fatigue among users, reducing the effectiveness of legitimate alerts and potentially causing important messages to be missed. This can degrade communication efficiency and trust in automated systems. In sectors where communication integrity is critical, such as finance, healthcare, or government, such disruptions could have cascading effects on business continuity and compliance. Additionally, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to conduct social engineering or phishing campaigns by injecting misleading messages that appear to come from trusted bots. Although the vulnerability does not directly compromise sensitive data, the disruption and potential reputational damage could be substantial. Given the bot’s integration with QQ, which is more prevalent in Asian markets, European organizations with international operations or partnerships using QQ-based tools might be at risk. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements increases the risk of exploitation in exposed environments.

European organizations should immediately verify the version of cocotais-bot deployed in their environments and upgrade to version 1.6.2 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. If upgrading is not immediately feasible, organizations should disable or restrict the echoing command feature, especially the ability to process special platform tags like `<qqbot-at-everyone />`. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied commands to prevent injection of special tags. Network-level controls such as firewall rules or bot access restrictions should be applied to limit exposure to untrusted users. Monitoring and alerting should be enhanced to detect unusual mass notification patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. Additionally, organizations should review and tighten permission models around bot commands to ensure that only authorized users can trigger privileged actions. Conducting user awareness training about potential phishing or spam campaigns originating from compromised bots can reduce the impact of social engineering attempts leveraging this vulnerability.