CVE-2025-47984 is a high-severity vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0), specifically related to a protection mechanism failure within the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI). The GDI is a core component responsible for representing graphical objects and transmitting them to output devices such as monitors and printers. This vulnerability, classified under CWE-693 (Protection Mechanism Failure), allows an unauthorized attacker to remotely disclose sensitive information over a network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 reflects the significant confidentiality impact, with no impact on integrity or availability. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), and no privileges or user interaction needed (PR:N/UI:N). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without impacting other system components. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's nature suggests that an attacker could leverage it to extract sensitive data from affected systems remotely, potentially leading to information leakage that could facilitate further attacks or compromise privacy. The absence of available patches at the time of publication increases the urgency for mitigation and risk management. Given that Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, many organizations may have already migrated to newer versions, but legacy systems still in operation remain at risk. The vulnerability's exploitation could involve crafted network packets or graphical data that trigger the failure in the GDI protection mechanism, enabling unauthorized data disclosure.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-47984 can be significant, especially for those still operating legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems in critical infrastructure, government, healthcare, finance, and industrial sectors. The unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information over the network could lead to exposure of confidential business data, personal information of customers or employees, or intellectual property. This can result in regulatory compliance violations under GDPR, financial losses, reputational damage, and increased risk of follow-on attacks such as targeted phishing or lateral movement within networks. Organizations with remote access systems or those that expose Windows 10 1809 machines to untrusted networks are particularly vulnerable. The lack of required privileges or user interaction lowers the barrier for attackers, increasing the likelihood of exploitation if the vulnerability is weaponized. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a candidate for future exploitation, especially by advanced persistent threat (APT) groups targeting European entities. The potential for information leakage can undermine trust in IT systems and complicate incident response efforts.

Given the absence of an official patch at the time of disclosure, European organizations should implement targeted mitigations to reduce exposure. First, identify and inventory all systems running Windows 10 Version 1809, prioritizing those with network exposure. Where possible, upgrade or migrate these systems to supported Windows versions with active security updates. For systems that must remain on 1809, restrict network access using firewalls or network segmentation to limit exposure to untrusted networks. Employ strict access controls and monitor network traffic for anomalous activity related to GDI or graphical data processing. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect unusual behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Disable or restrict unnecessary services that interact with the GDI remotely. Additionally, implement data loss prevention (DLP) solutions to monitor and prevent unauthorized data exfiltration. Maintain up-to-date backups and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving information disclosure vulnerabilities. Finally, stay informed about vendor updates or patches and apply them promptly once available.