CVE-2025-47984 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The flaw is categorized under CWE-693, which relates to protection mechanism failures. Specifically, this vulnerability exists within the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI), a core component responsible for representing graphical objects and transmitting them to output devices such as monitors and printers. The vulnerability allows an unauthorized attacker to remotely disclose sensitive information over a network without requiring any authentication or user interaction. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.5 reflects a high severity level, with an attack vector of network (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction needed (UI:N). The impact is limited to confidentiality (C:H), with no impact on integrity or availability. The vulnerability is publicly disclosed but currently has no known exploits in the wild and no patches have been linked yet. The protection mechanism failure suggests that the GDI component does not adequately enforce access controls or properly isolate sensitive data, allowing attackers to extract information remotely. Given that Windows 10 Version 1809 is an older release, this vulnerability may persist in legacy systems that have not been updated to newer versions or patched. The lack of required privileges or user interaction makes this vulnerability particularly dangerous for exposed systems, as attackers can exploit it remotely without alerting users or administrators. The absence of patches necessitates immediate attention to mitigate risk through compensating controls until an official fix is released.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-47984 could be significant, especially for those still operating legacy Windows 10 Version 1809 systems in critical infrastructure, government, finance, healthcare, and industrial sectors. The ability to remotely disclose sensitive information without authentication or user interaction could lead to leakage of confidential data, intellectual property, or personally identifiable information (PII). This could result in regulatory non-compliance under GDPR, reputational damage, and potential financial losses. Organizations with network-exposed Windows 10 1809 endpoints are at higher risk, particularly if these systems handle sensitive or classified information. The vulnerability's exploitation could facilitate further attacks by providing attackers with reconnaissance data or credentials, enabling lateral movement or targeted attacks. Although no known exploits exist yet, the public disclosure increases the likelihood of exploit development. European entities with strict data protection requirements must prioritize addressing this vulnerability to prevent data breaches and maintain compliance.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on identifying and isolating all Windows 10 Version 1809 systems within the network, especially those exposed to untrusted networks. 2. Apply network segmentation and firewall rules to restrict access to vulnerable systems, limiting exposure to only trusted internal networks. 3. Employ network intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with updated signatures to detect anomalous GDI-related network traffic. 4. Disable or restrict remote access protocols and services that could be leveraged to exploit this vulnerability. 5. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual data exfiltration attempts or suspicious connections targeting Windows 10 1809 hosts. 6. Plan and execute an upgrade strategy to move affected systems to a supported and patched Windows version, as no patches are currently available for this vulnerability. 7. Implement strict access controls and endpoint protection solutions that can detect and block exploitation attempts. 8. Educate IT and security teams about this vulnerability to ensure rapid response if exploitation attempts are detected. 9. Regularly review and update incident response plans to incorporate scenarios involving information disclosure vulnerabilities.