CVE-2025-48027 is a medium severity vulnerability identified in the HttpAuth plugin of the pGina.Fork product developed by MutonUfoAI, affecting versions up to 3.9.9.12. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-290, which pertains to authentication bypass by spoofing. Specifically, this flaw allows an attacker who can control DNS resolution for the hostname 'pginaloginserver' to bypass authentication mechanisms. The HttpAuth plugin relies on DNS to resolve the login server address; if an adversary can manipulate DNS responses, they can redirect authentication requests to a malicious server or intercept and spoof authentication responses. This results in unauthorized access without valid credentials. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.4, indicating a medium severity level. The vector string (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N) shows that the attack is network-based, requires high attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction, and impacts confidentiality and integrity with a scope change. There are no known exploits in the wild yet, and no patches have been published at the time of this report. The vulnerability's exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to systems relying on pGina.Fork's HttpAuth plugin, potentially allowing attackers to impersonate legitimate users or escalate privileges within affected environments.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability could be significant, especially for those using pGina.Fork as part of their authentication infrastructure. Unauthorized access due to authentication bypass can lead to data breaches, exposure of sensitive information, and potential lateral movement within networks. Confidentiality is primarily affected, with some integrity concerns due to possible unauthorized actions by attackers masquerading as legitimate users. Availability is not directly impacted. Organizations in sectors with strict data protection regulations, such as finance, healthcare, and government, could face compliance violations and reputational damage if exploited. The medium CVSS score and the requirement for DNS control suggest that exploitation may be more feasible in environments where DNS security is weak or where attackers have insider capabilities or network access. Given the scope change indicated, the vulnerability could affect multiple systems downstream of the compromised authentication server, amplifying the risk.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Harden DNS infrastructure by deploying DNSSEC to ensure DNS response authenticity and integrity, preventing DNS spoofing attacks. 2) Restrict and monitor DNS resolution paths, especially for critical authentication servers like 'pginaloginserver', to detect and prevent unauthorized DNS changes. 3) Employ network segmentation and strict access controls to limit who can influence DNS or network traffic related to authentication services. 4) Where possible, configure pGina.Fork to use IP addresses or secure, authenticated channels (e.g., TLS with certificate validation) instead of relying solely on DNS names for authentication server resolution. 5) Monitor authentication logs for anomalies indicative of bypass attempts or unusual login patterns. 6) Engage with MutonUfoAI for updates or patches and plan timely deployment once available. 7) Consider deploying additional multi-factor authentication layers to reduce the risk of unauthorized access even if authentication bypass occurs.