CVE-2025-48069 is a vulnerability classified as CWE-78 (OS Command Injection) found in the Shopify ejson2env tool, specifically in versions prior to 2.0.8. The ejson2env utility is designed to decrypt EJSON secrets and export them as environment variables by writing export statements to stdout. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization of output data, where variable names or values containing malicious content can cause additional unintended commands to be injected into the output stream. If this output is subsequently used in shell command execution without proper sanitization, it could lead to arbitrary command execution on the host system. This flaw is due to the tool’s failure to neutralize special characters or nonprintable characters in the environment variable data before outputting it. The risk is particularly relevant when the output of ejson2env is directly evaluated or executed in a shell context, such as via command substitution or sourcing. Version 2.0.8 of ejson2env addresses this issue by sanitizing output during decryption to prevent injection. Mitigations include avoiding the use of ejson2env on untrusted secrets and not executing or evaluating its output without first removing or sanitizing nonprintable or special characters. The CVSS v3.1 score is 6.6 (medium severity), reflecting the requirement for high privileges and no user interaction, but with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability if exploited. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild. This vulnerability primarily affects environments where ejson2env is used in automated scripts or CI/CD pipelines that decrypt secrets and directly execute or evaluate the output, potentially exposing systems to command injection attacks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-48069 can be significant in environments that rely on ejson2env for secret management and environment variable injection, especially in automated deployment or continuous integration systems. Successful exploitation could allow attackers with elevated privileges to execute arbitrary commands, potentially leading to full system compromise, data exfiltration, or disruption of services. The confidentiality of sensitive secrets could be breached, integrity of systems compromised, and availability affected by destructive commands. Organizations using ejson2env in critical infrastructure, cloud deployments, or internal automation pipelines are at risk if they run vulnerable versions and do not sanitize outputs. The medium severity score indicates that while exploitation requires privileged access, the consequences are severe. This vulnerability could be leveraged as part of a multi-stage attack or insider threat scenario. European enterprises with DevOps practices incorporating ejson2env should carefully assess their exposure, as exploitation could impact compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR if sensitive data is leaked or systems are disrupted.

1. Upgrade ejson2env to version 2.0.8 or later, which includes output sanitization to prevent command injection. 2. Avoid decrypting untrusted or user-supplied secrets with ejson2env. 3. Do not directly evaluate or execute the output of ejson2env in shell scripts without first sanitizing or validating the environment variable names and values to remove special or nonprintable characters. 4. Implement strict input validation and output encoding in any custom scripts that consume ejson2env output. 5. Use least privilege principles to restrict who can run ejson2env and access decrypted secrets. 6. Monitor and audit usage of ejson2env in CI/CD pipelines and deployment scripts to detect anomalous behavior. 7. Consider isolating secret decryption processes in sandboxed or containerized environments to limit impact of potential exploitation. 8. Educate developers and DevOps teams about the risks of command injection and safe handling of decrypted secrets. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on secure usage patterns and operational controls specific to the ejson2env tool and its output handling.