CVE-2025-4807 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System version 1.0. The vulnerability arises from improper server configuration or application design that allows directory listing to be enabled inadvertently. Directory listing exposure means that an attacker can remotely access and view the contents of directories on the web server that are not intended to be publicly accessible. This can include sensitive files such as configuration files, scripts, backups, or other data that could aid an attacker in further exploitation or reconnaissance. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction and can be exploited remotely over the network with low attack complexity. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, reflecting a medium severity level primarily due to the confidentiality impact (low), with no impact on integrity or availability. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation attempts. The lack of a patch or mitigation details from the vendor suggests that organizations using this system should proactively implement controls to reduce exposure. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which may be an older or less maintained release. Overall, this vulnerability represents an information disclosure risk that could facilitate further attacks if sensitive files are exposed through directory listings.

For European organizations, particularly educational institutions or administrative bodies using the SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System 1.0, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information related to student records, clearance processes, or internal system configurations. Exposure of such information could compromise privacy, violate data protection regulations such as GDPR, and damage institutional reputation. Although the vulnerability itself does not allow direct system compromise, the information gained through directory listing could be leveraged by attackers to identify additional vulnerabilities or gain unauthorized access. This risk is heightened in environments where the system is internet-facing or insufficiently segmented from critical infrastructure. The medium severity indicates a moderate risk, but the potential regulatory and reputational consequences in Europe make it important to address promptly.

1. Disable directory listing on the web server hosting the Online Student Clearance System by configuring the web server settings (e.g., Apache's Options -Indexes directive or equivalent in other servers). 2. Review and restrict file and directory permissions to ensure sensitive files are not accessible via the web root or public directories. 3. Implement web application firewalls (WAF) to detect and block directory listing requests or suspicious URL patterns. 4. Conduct a thorough audit of the web application and server to identify and remove any unnecessary files or backups that could be exposed. 5. If possible, upgrade to a newer, patched version of the product or apply vendor-provided patches once available. 6. Segment the application server from critical networks and restrict access to trusted users only. 7. Monitor web server logs for unusual directory access patterns to detect potential reconnaissance activities. 8. Educate system administrators about secure server configuration best practices to prevent similar issues.