CVE-2025-48497 is a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability affecting iroha Soft Co., Ltd.'s product iroha Board, specifically versions v0.10.12 and earlier. The vulnerability allows an attacker to trick an authenticated user into executing unwanted actions on the iroha Board application by having them visit a specially crafted URL. Since the user is already logged in, the application processes the request with the user's privileges, resulting in arbitrary learning histories being registered without the user's consent or knowledge. This vulnerability does not affect confidentiality or availability directly but impacts the integrity of the data within the application. The CVSS 3.0 base score is 4.3 (medium severity), with the vector indicating network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), no confidentiality impact (C:N), low integrity impact (I:L), and no availability impact (A:N). There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no patches or mitigations have been explicitly linked in the provided data. The vulnerability arises because the application does not properly verify the origin or authenticity of state-changing requests, allowing CSRF attacks to succeed when a logged-in user accesses a malicious URL. This can lead to unauthorized modification of learning history data, potentially corrupting user records or misleading analytics dependent on this data.

For European organizations using iroha Board, this vulnerability primarily threatens the integrity of learning history data, which could affect training records, compliance tracking, or user progress monitoring. While it does not compromise sensitive data confidentiality or system availability, the unauthorized modification of learning histories could disrupt organizational workflows, lead to inaccurate reporting, and undermine trust in the system's data accuracy. In sectors such as education, corporate training, or compliance-heavy industries, this could have regulatory or operational repercussions. Since exploitation requires user interaction (the user must be logged in and visit a malicious URL), phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to trigger the vulnerability. The impact is more pronounced in environments where iroha Board is integrated into critical learning management or compliance systems, as corrupted data may lead to incorrect decisions or audit failures.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Apply any available updates or patches from iroha Soft Co., Ltd. as soon as they are released. 2) If patches are not yet available, deploy web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block suspicious CSRF attempts targeting iroha Board endpoints. 3) Enforce strict Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to reduce the risk of malicious external content triggering CSRF. 4) Educate users on the risks of clicking unknown or suspicious links, especially while logged into iroha Board. 5) Implement additional CSRF tokens or anti-CSRF mechanisms at the application level if customization is possible, ensuring that state-changing requests require a valid token. 6) Monitor logs for unusual activity related to learning history modifications to detect potential exploitation attempts. 7) Limit session lifetimes and enforce re-authentication for sensitive actions to reduce the window of opportunity for attackers. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on both technical controls and user awareness specific to the nature of this vulnerability.