CVE-2025-48575 is a vulnerability identified in Google Android operating system versions 13 through 16, specifically within multiple functions of the CertInstaller.java component. The root cause is a permissions bypass that allows an attacker with local access and limited privileges to install certificates on the device without requiring additional execution privileges or user interaction. This bypass effectively enables an elevation of privilege, classified under CWE-862 (Missing Authorization), where the system fails to properly enforce permissions before allowing certificate installation. Certificates installed by an attacker can be used to intercept or manipulate secure communications, install malicious applications, or bypass security controls that rely on trusted certificates. The vulnerability's CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity due to its impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no need for user interaction. Although no public exploits have been reported, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a significant threat for local attackers who can gain limited access to the device, such as through physical access or via other lower-privileged exploits. The lack of required user interaction and the ability to escalate privileges locally make this vulnerability particularly dangerous in environments where devices may be shared or physically accessible by untrusted individuals. The vulnerability was published on December 8, 2025, and no patches or exploit mitigations have been publicly disclosed yet, emphasizing the need for vigilance and prompt patching once available.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-48575 can be substantial. Android devices are ubiquitous in both consumer and enterprise environments across Europe, often used for accessing corporate resources, communication, and sensitive data. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could install malicious certificates, enabling man-in-the-middle attacks, interception of encrypted communications, and unauthorized access to sensitive information. This could lead to data breaches, compromise of corporate networks, and disruption of services. The elevation of privilege could also allow attackers to install persistent malware or manipulate device security settings, undermining device integrity and availability. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, healthcare, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk due to the sensitive nature of their data and the regulatory requirements for data protection under GDPR. The vulnerability's exploitation without user interaction increases the risk of stealthy attacks that are difficult to detect and mitigate. Additionally, the widespread use of Android devices in mobile workforces and BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) policies further expands the attack surface, making this vulnerability a critical concern for European enterprises and public sector entities.

To mitigate CVE-2025-48575 effectively, European organizations should implement a multi-layered approach beyond generic patching advice. First, prioritize the deployment of official security updates from Google as soon as they become available, ensuring all Android devices are updated to patched versions. Until patches are released, enforce strict local access controls to prevent unauthorized physical or logical access to devices, including strong device lock mechanisms and disabling unnecessary local interfaces. Employ Mobile Device Management (MDM) solutions to enforce security policies, restrict installation of unauthorized certificates, and monitor device configurations for anomalies. Educate users about the risks of granting local access to untrusted individuals and the importance of reporting suspicious device behavior. Consider implementing network-level protections such as certificate pinning and monitoring for unusual certificate installations or network traffic indicative of man-in-the-middle attacks. For high-risk environments, restrict the use of Android devices or isolate them from critical networks until the vulnerability is remediated. Regularly audit device security posture and certificate stores to detect unauthorized changes. Finally, maintain incident response readiness to quickly address potential exploitation attempts.