CVE-2025-48637 is a vulnerability in the Android kernel, specifically within multiple functions of the mem_protect.c source file. The root cause is an integer overflow that leads to an out-of-bounds write condition. This type of flaw is classified under CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound). The integer overflow occurs when calculations involving memory protection parameters exceed the maximum value representable by the integer type, causing memory corruption. This memory corruption can be exploited by a local attacker with limited privileges to escalate their privileges to a higher level, potentially root or kernel-level access. The vulnerability does not require any additional execution privileges or user interaction, making it easier to exploit once local access is obtained. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and low attack complexity. The affected product is the Android kernel, which is embedded in a vast number of devices globally, including smartphones, tablets, and IoT devices running Android. No patches or exploit code have been publicly disclosed yet, but the vulnerability is officially published and reserved since May 2025. This flaw could be leveraged by malicious actors to bypass security controls, install persistent malware, or disrupt device operations.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-48637 is significant due to the widespread use of Android devices in both consumer and enterprise environments. Privilege escalation at the kernel level allows attackers to gain full control over affected devices, potentially leading to data theft, espionage, or sabotage. Enterprises using Android devices for secure communications, mobile workforce management, or as part of critical infrastructure could see confidentiality breaches and operational disruptions. The vulnerability could also be exploited to bypass mobile device management (MDM) controls or security policies, undermining organizational security postures. Given the lack of required user interaction, attacks could be automated or executed stealthily once local access is gained, increasing the risk of insider threats or malware propagation. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as threat actors often develop exploits rapidly after vulnerability disclosure.

1. Monitor official Google security advisories and Android security bulletins closely for patches addressing CVE-2025-48637 and apply them promptly once available. 2. Restrict local access to Android devices by enforcing strong authentication mechanisms and limiting physical access, especially in sensitive environments. 3. Employ mobile device management (MDM) solutions that can detect anomalous kernel behavior or unauthorized privilege escalations. 4. Use kernel integrity monitoring tools where feasible to detect memory corruption or unauthorized modifications at the kernel level. 5. Educate users and administrators about the risks of installing untrusted applications or granting unnecessary permissions that could facilitate local access. 6. For organizations with custom Android builds or embedded devices, conduct thorough code audits around mem_protect.c and related kernel modules to identify and patch similar integer overflow issues. 7. Implement network segmentation and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to limit lateral movement if a device is compromised. 8. Consider disabling or restricting debugging and developer options on production devices to reduce attack surface.