CVE-2025-48781 is a high-severity vulnerability classified under CWE-73, which pertains to External Control of File Name or Path. This vulnerability affects the Soar Cloud System CO., LTD.'s HRD Human Resource Management System, specifically versions up to 7.3.2025.0408. The flaw exists in the download file function, where remote attackers can specify arbitrary file paths without authentication or user interaction. This allows attackers to retrieve partial files from the system by manipulating the file path parameter. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network (AV:N), requires no privileges (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and has low attack complexity (AC:L). The impact on confidentiality is high (VC:H), while integrity and availability are not affected (VI:N, VA:N). The scope is limited to the vulnerable component (SC:L), and the vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, nor does it require authentication or user interaction, making exploitation straightforward. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 reflects the significant risk posed by this vulnerability. The vulnerability allows unauthorized disclosure of potentially sensitive HR-related files, which may contain personal data, employee records, or other confidential information. This could lead to privacy violations, regulatory non-compliance, and reputational damage for affected organizations.

For European organizations using the Soar Cloud HRD Human Resource Management System, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to the confidentiality of employee data and other sensitive information stored within the HR system. Given the strict data protection regulations in Europe, such as the GDPR, unauthorized access to personal data can result in substantial legal penalties and loss of trust. The ability to remotely access arbitrary files without authentication increases the attack surface, potentially enabling attackers to harvest sensitive data or use the information for further attacks such as social engineering or identity theft. The impact is particularly critical for organizations with large employee bases or those handling sensitive personnel information. Additionally, exposure of internal HR documents could lead to competitive disadvantages or insider threat exploitation. Since the vulnerability does not affect system integrity or availability, operational disruption is less likely, but the confidentiality breach alone is significant enough to warrant urgent remediation.

1. Immediate patching: Although no patch links are currently provided, organizations should monitor Soar Cloud System CO., LTD. for official patches or updates addressing CVE-2025-48781 and apply them promptly. 2. Access controls: Implement strict network-level access controls to restrict access to the HRD Human Resource Management System download functionality only to trusted internal networks or VPN users. 3. Input validation: If possible, apply custom input validation or filtering on the file path parameters to prevent directory traversal or arbitrary file path specification. 4. Web application firewall (WAF): Deploy and configure a WAF with rules to detect and block attempts to exploit path traversal or arbitrary file access vulnerabilities targeting the HR system. 5. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of file download requests and monitor for suspicious patterns indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unusual file path parameters or repeated access failures. 6. Data minimization: Limit the storage of sensitive files on the HR system to only what is necessary and segregate highly sensitive data where possible. 7. Incident response readiness: Prepare incident response plans specifically for data leakage scenarios involving HR data, including notification procedures compliant with GDPR requirements.