CVE-2025-48923 is a Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the Toc.js component used within the Drupal content management system. Specifically, this vulnerability arises from improper neutralization of input during web page generation, classified under CWE-79. The affected versions include Toc.js from 0.0.0 up to but not including version 3.2.1. The vulnerability allows an attacker to inject malicious scripts into web pages generated by Drupal using Toc.js, which can then be executed in the context of the victim's browser. This can lead to session hijacking, defacement, redirection to malicious sites, or other malicious activities that exploit the trust a user has in the affected website. The vulnerability is present because user-supplied input is not properly sanitized or encoded before being included in the HTML output, enabling script injection. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the nature of XSS vulnerabilities makes them attractive targets for attackers due to their potential to compromise user data and site integrity. No CVSS score has been assigned yet, and no official patches are linked at this time, indicating that Drupal users should be vigilant and monitor for updates. Given Drupal's widespread use in Europe for government, educational, and commercial websites, this vulnerability poses a significant risk if left unmitigated.

For European organizations, the impact of this XSS vulnerability can be substantial. Drupal is widely adopted across various sectors including public administration, healthcare, education, and private enterprises. Exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to user sessions, theft of sensitive information such as authentication tokens or personal data, and potential defacement or manipulation of websites. This could erode user trust, lead to regulatory non-compliance under GDPR due to data breaches, and cause reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could use this vulnerability as a foothold to launch further attacks such as phishing campaigns or malware distribution targeting European users. The absence of a patch increases the urgency for organizations to implement interim mitigations. The impact is heightened in sectors where Drupal-hosted portals serve as critical communication or transaction platforms.

Given the lack of an official patch at this time, European organizations should implement several specific mitigations: 1) Employ strict Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict the execution of unauthorized scripts and reduce the impact of XSS attacks. 2) Conduct thorough input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data, especially in areas where Toc.js is used to generate dynamic content. 3) Use web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules tailored to detect and block XSS payloads targeting Drupal and Toc.js. 4) Monitor web server and application logs for suspicious activities indicative of attempted XSS exploitation. 5) Educate developers and content managers on secure coding practices and the risks of unsanitized inputs. 6) Stay updated with Drupal security advisories and apply patches promptly once available. 7) Consider isolating or disabling Toc.js functionality if it is not essential to reduce the attack surface until a fix is released.