CVE-2025-49001 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting DataEase, an open-source business intelligence and data visualization tool. The flaw stems from improper authentication (CWE-287) in versions prior to 2.10.10, where the secret verification mechanism for JSON Web Tokens (JWT) fails to function correctly. This failure allows an attacker to forge JWT tokens using any secret, effectively bypassing authentication controls without needing valid credentials or user interaction. Exploitation requires no privileges and can be performed remotely over the network. The vulnerability compromises the integrity and confidentiality of the authentication process, enabling unauthorized access to the application and potentially sensitive business intelligence data. The issue was addressed in version 2.10.10, but no known workarounds exist for earlier versions. Although no exploits are currently known in the wild, the ease of exploitation and the critical role of authentication in securing data visualization platforms make this a significant threat. The CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.7 reflects the high impact on confidentiality and integrity, combined with low attack complexity and no required privileges or user interaction.

For European organizations using DataEase versions prior to 2.10.10, this vulnerability poses a substantial risk. Unauthorized access to business intelligence dashboards and data visualizations can lead to exposure of sensitive corporate data, including financial metrics, customer information, and strategic insights. This can result in data breaches, intellectual property theft, and loss of competitive advantage. Additionally, attackers could manipulate or falsify data visualizations, undermining decision-making processes. Given the centrality of data analytics in many European enterprises, especially in finance, manufacturing, and public sectors, exploitation could disrupt operations and damage reputations. The vulnerability's network accessibility and lack of required authentication increase the likelihood of exploitation, potentially enabling widespread unauthorized access if systems remain unpatched. Compliance with European data protection regulations such as GDPR could also be jeopardized, leading to legal and financial penalties.

European organizations should prioritize upgrading DataEase installations to version 2.10.10 or later to remediate this vulnerability. In environments where immediate patching is not feasible, organizations should implement strict network segmentation and firewall rules to restrict access to DataEase servers, limiting exposure to trusted internal networks only. Employing Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block malformed or unauthorized JWT tokens can provide temporary protection. Monitoring authentication logs for unusual token usage patterns or failed verification attempts can help detect exploitation attempts early. Additionally, organizations should review and tighten access controls around DataEase instances, enforce strong authentication mechanisms at the perimeter, and conduct regular security audits to ensure no unauthorized access has occurred. Finally, educating administrators about the vulnerability and ensuring timely application of security updates is critical to maintaining a secure environment.