CVE-2025-49071 is a critical vulnerability classified under CWE-434, which pertains to the unrestricted upload of files with dangerous types. This vulnerability affects the NasaTheme Flozen product, a web-based theme or application component, though specific affected versions are not detailed. The core issue allows an attacker to upload arbitrary files, including web shells, to the web server hosting the Flozen product without any restrictions or validation. This lack of file type validation or upload controls enables an unauthenticated remote attacker to execute arbitrary code on the server by uploading a malicious script disguised as a legitimate file. The vulnerability has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 10.0, indicating critical severity, with the vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H. This means the attack can be performed remotely over the network without any privileges or user interaction, and it impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a complete scope. The vulnerability allows full system compromise, including data theft, server control, and potential lateral movement within the network. No patches or fixes are currently linked, and no known exploits are reported in the wild yet, but the critical nature and ease of exploitation make it a high-risk threat. The vulnerability’s unrestricted file upload mechanism is a common attack vector for web servers, often leading to web shell deployment, which attackers use for persistent access and further exploitation.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a severe risk, especially for those using the NasaTheme Flozen product in their web infrastructure. Successful exploitation can lead to complete server compromise, exposing sensitive data, intellectual property, and customer information. It can also disrupt business operations by defacing websites, deploying ransomware, or using compromised servers as pivot points for broader network intrusion. Critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly vulnerable due to the potential for data breaches and operational disruption. The ability to upload web shells without authentication means attackers can bypass perimeter defenses easily, increasing the likelihood of successful attacks. Moreover, the vulnerability’s impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability simultaneously can lead to regulatory non-compliance issues under GDPR and other European data protection laws, resulting in legal and financial penalties. The lack of patches increases the window of exposure, making proactive mitigation essential.

1. Immediate deployment of web application firewalls (WAFs) with strict file upload filtering rules to block dangerous file types and suspicious payloads targeting the Flozen upload functionality. 2. Implement strict server-side validation of file uploads, including MIME type verification, file extension whitelisting, and content inspection to prevent executable scripts from being uploaded. 3. Restrict upload directories with appropriate permissions to prevent execution of uploaded files; configure the web server to disallow execution in upload directories. 4. Monitor web server logs and file system changes for unusual upload activity or presence of web shells. 5. Conduct regular vulnerability scanning and penetration testing focused on file upload functionalities. 6. If possible, temporarily disable or restrict the file upload feature in Flozen until a vendor patch or official fix is released. 7. Employ network segmentation to isolate web servers running Flozen from critical internal systems to limit lateral movement in case of compromise. 8. Maintain up-to-date backups and have an incident response plan ready to quickly remediate any exploitation attempts. 9. Engage with the vendor or community for updates or unofficial patches and apply them promptly once available.