CVE-2025-4909 is a vulnerability identified in SourceCodester Client Database Management System version 1.0. The issue is classified as an information exposure vulnerability caused by directory listing being enabled or improperly restricted. Directory listing vulnerabilities allow an attacker to remotely view the contents of directories on the web server that hosts the application. This can lead to the disclosure of sensitive files, configuration data, source code, or other information that should not be publicly accessible. The vulnerability requires no authentication, no user interaction, and can be exploited remotely over the network. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The vector details show that the attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is low to limited (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), suggesting that while information disclosure is possible, it does not directly lead to system compromise or denial of service. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, and no patches or mitigations have been publicly disclosed yet. There are no known exploits in the wild at this time. The vulnerability was published on May 19, 2025, and the information is enriched by CISA. The root cause is likely a misconfiguration or lack of proper access controls on directories served by the web application, allowing directory contents to be enumerated by attackers. This exposure can aid attackers in further reconnaissance or exploitation by revealing sensitive files or application structure.

For European organizations using SourceCodester Client Database Management System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of sensitive information disclosure. Exposure of directory contents could reveal configuration files, database credentials, source code, or other internal documents that could facilitate further attacks such as privilege escalation, data exfiltration, or targeted exploitation. While the direct impact on system integrity and availability is limited, the confidentiality breach can lead to significant operational and reputational damage, especially if sensitive client or internal data is exposed. Organizations in regulated sectors such as finance, healthcare, or government may face compliance issues under GDPR or other data protection regulations if personal or sensitive data is leaked. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability increases the risk of exploitation by external attackers without requiring insider access. However, the lack of known exploits in the wild and the medium severity rating suggest that immediate widespread exploitation is not yet observed. Nonetheless, the public disclosure of the vulnerability means attackers could develop exploits, increasing the urgency for mitigation.

European organizations should immediately audit their deployments of SourceCodester Client Database Management System version 1.0 to determine exposure. Specific mitigation steps include: 1) Disable directory listing on the web server hosting the application by configuring the web server (e.g., Apache, Nginx, IIS) to prevent directory indexes. 2) Implement strict access controls on directories containing sensitive files, ensuring only authorized users or processes can access them. 3) Review and remove any unnecessary files or directories from the web root to minimize exposure. 4) Monitor web server logs for unusual directory access attempts or reconnaissance activity. 5) If possible, upgrade to a newer, patched version of the software once available or apply vendor-provided patches. 6) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) to detect and block suspicious directory enumeration attempts. 7) Conduct internal security assessments and penetration tests to verify that directory listing is disabled and no sensitive information is exposed. 8) Educate system administrators and developers about secure configuration practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on configuration hardening and proactive monitoring specific to directory listing exposures.