CVE-2025-4910 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.1 of the PHPGurukul Zoo Management System, specifically affecting the /admin/edit-animal-details.php script. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'aname' parameter, which is used in SQL queries without adequate protection against injection attacks. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to manipulate the SQL query logic by injecting malicious SQL code through the 'aname' parameter, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or database compromise. The vulnerability is classified as medium severity with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, reflecting its network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although the exploit has been publicly disclosed, there are no known active exploits in the wild at this time. The vulnerability may also affect other parameters, indicating a broader issue with input validation in the affected application version. Given the administrative context of the vulnerable script, successful exploitation could allow attackers to alter sensitive animal data or extract confidential information from the backend database, impacting the integrity and confidentiality of the system's data.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Zoo Management System 2.1, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive data managed within the system, including animal records and potentially other confidential operational data. The SQL Injection could lead to data leakage, unauthorized data modification, or disruption of system operations, which may affect the reliability and trustworthiness of the zoo management processes. While the system is specialized, zoos and wildlife organizations in Europe that rely on this software could face operational disruptions and reputational damage if exploited. Additionally, if the compromised data includes personally identifiable information (PII) of employees or visitors, this could lead to GDPR compliance issues and potential regulatory penalties. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack vector increases the risk, as attackers do not need prior access or credentials to exploit the flaw.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should immediately upgrade to a patched version of the PHPGurukul Zoo Management System once available. In the absence of an official patch, applying input validation and parameterized queries (prepared statements) to all user-supplied inputs, especially the 'aname' parameter and others used in SQL queries, is critical to prevent injection. Employing web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block SQL Injection attempts can provide an additional layer of defense. Regular code audits focusing on input handling and sanitization should be conducted to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Restricting access to the /admin/ directory via network segmentation or VPN access can reduce exposure. Monitoring database logs and application logs for suspicious queries or anomalies can help detect exploitation attempts early. Finally, organizations should ensure that backups of critical data are maintained securely to enable recovery in case of data corruption or loss.