CVE-2025-49259 is a high-severity vulnerability classified under CWE-98, which pertains to improper control of filenames used in include or require statements within PHP programs. Specifically, this vulnerability affects the thembay Hara product up to version 1.2.10. The issue arises because the application does not properly validate or sanitize input used to determine which files are included or required by PHP scripts. This flaw enables an attacker to perform a Remote File Inclusion (RFI) or Local File Inclusion (LFI) attack, allowing them to execute arbitrary PHP code on the affected server. The vulnerability is exploitable remotely over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction, although the attack complexity is rated as high, indicating some non-trivial conditions must be met for successful exploitation. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 8.1, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, data theft, defacement, or denial of service. No known public exploits have been reported yet, and no patches are currently available. The vulnerability was published on June 17, 2025, and was reserved earlier that month. The lack of patch availability and the critical nature of the flaw make it a significant risk for organizations using the thembay Hara product, especially those exposing it to the internet or untrusted networks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-49259 could be severe. Given that the vulnerability allows remote code execution through file inclusion, attackers could gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, manipulate or destroy data integrity, and disrupt service availability. This is particularly critical for organizations relying on thembay Hara in web-facing applications, such as e-commerce platforms, content management systems, or internal portals. Compromise could lead to data breaches involving personal data protected under GDPR, resulting in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers could leverage compromised systems as footholds for lateral movement within corporate networks, potentially affecting critical infrastructure or intellectual property. The high CVSS score and the absence of patches increase the urgency for mitigation. The threat is amplified in sectors with high-value targets, such as finance, healthcare, and government agencies, where data confidentiality and service continuity are paramount.

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. First, restrict access to the thembay Hara application by implementing network-level controls such as IP whitelisting, VPNs, or web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious include/require patterns or attempts to manipulate file paths. Second, conduct thorough code reviews and apply input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied parameters that influence file inclusion logic, ideally employing whitelisting of allowed filenames. Third, isolate the affected application in a segmented network zone with minimal privileges to limit potential lateral movement. Fourth, monitor logs for unusual file inclusion attempts or anomalous PHP execution patterns. Fifth, consider temporarily disabling or removing the vulnerable functionality if feasible. Finally, maintain close communication with the vendor for patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. Organizations should also prepare incident response plans specific to web application compromise scenarios.