CVE-2025-49264 is a high-severity vulnerability classified under CWE-98, which pertains to improper control of filenames used in include or require statements within PHP programs. Specifically, this vulnerability affects the Cloud Infrastructure Services product named Cloud SAML SSO - Single Sign On Login, versions up to 1.0.18. The flaw allows for PHP Remote File Inclusion (RFI) or Local File Inclusion (LFI), enabling an attacker to manipulate the filename parameter used in PHP include or require functions. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, as the attacker can cause the application to include malicious remote or local files. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable over the network (AV:N), requires high attack complexity (AC:H), does not require privileges (PR:N), but does require user interaction (UI:R). The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is high (C:H/I:H/A:H), indicating that successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise, data leakage, and service disruption. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been released yet. The vulnerability was reserved in June 2025 and published in August 2025, indicating it is a recent discovery. The lack of patch links suggests that organizations using this SAML SSO solution must urgently assess their exposure and implement mitigations to prevent exploitation.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those relying on the affected Cloud SAML SSO product for identity and access management. Since SAML SSO solutions are critical for federated authentication and access control across multiple enterprise applications, exploitation could allow attackers to bypass authentication, escalate privileges, and gain unauthorized access to sensitive systems and data. This could lead to data breaches involving personal data protected under GDPR, resulting in legal and financial penalties. Additionally, the compromise of SSO infrastructure can disrupt business operations and damage trust in cloud services. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, European organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are particularly at risk. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering could be used to trigger exploitation, increasing the attack surface. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the high severity score demands immediate attention.

1. Immediate mitigation should include disabling or restricting access to the vulnerable Cloud SAML SSO component until a patch is available. 2. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on any parameters used in include or require statements to prevent injection of malicious filenames. 3. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block attempts to exploit file inclusion vulnerabilities, focusing on suspicious URL patterns or payloads. 4. Enforce network segmentation and least privilege principles to limit the impact of a potential compromise of the SSO system. 5. Conduct user awareness training to reduce the risk of social engineering attacks that could trigger user interaction-based exploitation. 6. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity related to the SSO service, including unexpected file access or inclusion attempts. 7. Engage with the vendor for timely patch releases and apply updates as soon as they become available. 8. Consider alternative SSO solutions with a strong security track record if patching is delayed. 9. Perform regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on authentication and identity management components.