CVE-2025-49556 is a high-severity security vulnerability classified as Incorrect Authorization (CWE-863) affecting multiple versions of Adobe Commerce, including 2.4.4-p14 through 2.4.9-alpha1 and earlier. This vulnerability allows an attacker to bypass security controls and gain unauthorized read access to sensitive data without requiring any user interaction or prior authentication. The vulnerability stems from improper enforcement of authorization checks within the Adobe Commerce platform, which is an e-commerce solution widely used by online retailers to manage their storefronts, product catalogs, and customer data. Exploitation of this flaw enables attackers to access confidential information that should be protected, potentially including customer details, order histories, pricing information, and other business-critical data. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 reflects the network attack vector (AV:N), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), no user interaction (UI:N), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality (C:H) with no impact on integrity or availability (I:N/A:N). Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it a significant risk, especially for organizations relying on Adobe Commerce for their online sales operations. The lack of available patches at the time of publication further increases the urgency for affected organizations to implement compensating controls and monitor for suspicious activity.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-49556 can be substantial. Adobe Commerce is widely adopted by retailers and enterprises across Europe to facilitate e-commerce activities. Unauthorized read access to sensitive customer and business data could lead to privacy violations under GDPR, resulting in regulatory fines and reputational damage. Exposure of customer personal data, payment information, or internal business intelligence could also facilitate further attacks such as identity theft, fraud, or targeted phishing campaigns. Additionally, the breach of confidentiality could undermine customer trust and lead to financial losses due to lost sales or remediation costs. Since exploitation requires no authentication or user interaction, attackers can remotely and stealthily exploit this vulnerability, increasing the risk of widespread data leakage. The unchanged scope indicates that the vulnerability does not extend beyond the affected component, but the confidentiality impact alone is critical for organizations handling sensitive data. European companies operating in highly regulated sectors such as finance, healthcare, or retail are particularly at risk due to the sensitivity of their data and strict compliance requirements.

Given the absence of official patches at the time of disclosure, European organizations should implement the following specific mitigation strategies: 1) Restrict network access to Adobe Commerce administrative and backend interfaces using IP whitelisting and VPNs to limit exposure to trusted users only. 2) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block anomalous requests that attempt to access unauthorized resources or bypass authorization checks. 3) Conduct thorough access reviews and minimize permissions for all users and service accounts to reduce the attack surface. 4) Enable detailed logging and monitoring of all access to sensitive data within Adobe Commerce, integrating logs with SIEM solutions to detect suspicious read access patterns promptly. 5) Isolate Adobe Commerce instances in segmented network zones to contain potential breaches. 6) Prepare incident response plans specific to data exfiltration scenarios and conduct tabletop exercises to ensure readiness. 7) Stay informed via Adobe security advisories for the release of official patches and apply them immediately upon availability. 8) Consider temporary disabling or limiting non-essential features or APIs that may be exploited until patches are deployed.