CVE-2025-49558 is a Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition vulnerability identified in multiple versions of Adobe Commerce, specifically versions 2.4.9-alpha1, 2.4.8-p1, 2.4.7-p6, 2.4.6-p11, 2.4.5-p13, 2.4.4-p14, and earlier. The vulnerability arises due to a timing discrepancy between the verification of a resource's state (time-of-check) and the actual use of that resource (time-of-use). An attacker can exploit this window to manipulate the resource state after the check but before its use, effectively bypassing security controls. This can lead to unauthorized write access to resources that should otherwise be protected. The vulnerability does not require any user interaction or prior authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.9, indicating a medium severity level, with the attack vector being network-based (AV:N), requiring high attack complexity (AC:H), no privileges required (PR:N), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact affects integrity (I:H) but not confidentiality or availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The underlying weakness is classified under CWE-367, which pertains to TOCTOU race conditions, a common concurrency issue where the state of a resource changes between the time it is checked and the time it is used, leading to potential security bypasses.

For European organizations using Adobe Commerce as their e-commerce platform, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the integrity of their online storefronts and backend systems. Unauthorized write access could allow attackers to modify product data, pricing, inventory, or even inject malicious code or backdoors, potentially leading to fraudulent transactions, data corruption, or further compromise of the infrastructure. Given that Adobe Commerce is widely used by retailers and enterprises across Europe, exploitation could disrupt business operations, damage brand reputation, and result in financial losses. The lack of required authentication and user interaction means attackers can attempt exploitation remotely and autonomously, increasing the threat surface. While confidentiality and availability are not directly impacted, the integrity breach alone can have cascading effects, including regulatory non-compliance under GDPR if customer data or transactional records are altered. The medium severity rating suggests that while exploitation is not trivial due to high attack complexity, the potential consequences warrant prompt attention.

European organizations should prioritize the following mitigation steps: 1) Monitor Adobe's official security advisories for patches addressing CVE-2025-49558 and apply them immediately upon release. 2) Implement runtime application self-protection (RASP) or web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious race condition exploitation patterns, such as rapid repeated requests targeting resource state changes. 3) Conduct thorough code reviews and testing for custom extensions or integrations with Adobe Commerce that might exacerbate TOCTOU vulnerabilities, ensuring atomic operations where possible. 4) Employ strict access controls and logging to detect unauthorized write attempts early. 5) Consider deploying application-level concurrency controls or locking mechanisms to reduce the window between check and use operations. 6) Engage in proactive threat hunting and anomaly detection focusing on integrity violations within the e-commerce environment. 7) Educate development and security teams about TOCTOU risks and secure coding practices to prevent similar issues in custom code.