CVE-2025-50428 is a critical command injection vulnerability identified in the RaspAP project, specifically affecting the raspap-webgui component version 3.3.2 and earlier. The vulnerability resides in the includes/hostapd.php script, where user input passed via the 'interface' parameter is improperly sanitized. This lack of input validation allows an attacker to inject arbitrary commands into the system shell, which the vulnerable script executes. Given that the vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, it poses a significant risk. The CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 reflects the high severity, indicating that successful exploitation can lead to full system compromise, including complete loss of confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-77 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command), which is a common category for command injection flaws. Although no known exploits have been reported in the wild yet, the ease of exploitation and the critical impact make it a high-priority issue for organizations using RaspAP. RaspAP is an open-source software suite that enables easy configuration of wireless access points on Raspberry Pi devices, commonly used for network management and IoT applications. The vulnerability could allow attackers to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the web server process, potentially leading to full control over the device and pivoting into connected networks.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be substantial, especially for those relying on Raspberry Pi devices configured as wireless access points using RaspAP. Such devices are often deployed in small offices, remote sites, or IoT environments where dedicated network hardware is not feasible. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to internal networks, data exfiltration, disruption of network services, or use of compromised devices as footholds for further attacks. Given the critical nature of the vulnerability, attackers could disrupt business operations by taking down network connectivity or implanting persistent malware. Confidentiality of sensitive data traversing the network could be compromised, and integrity of network configurations could be altered maliciously. The lack of authentication requirement means that any attacker with network access to the vulnerable device can attempt exploitation, increasing the attack surface. This is particularly concerning for organizations with less mature network segmentation or those exposing such devices to untrusted networks. The vulnerability also poses risks to critical infrastructure sectors that may use Raspberry Pi-based solutions for monitoring or control, potentially affecting availability of essential services.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should immediately identify all Raspberry Pi devices running RaspAP, especially versions 3.3.2 and earlier. Since no official patches are currently available, organizations should consider the following specific actions: 1) Temporarily restrict network access to the management interface of RaspAP devices, limiting it to trusted internal IP ranges and blocking access from untrusted or public networks. 2) Implement network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical infrastructure and sensitive data networks. 3) Monitor network traffic and logs for unusual command execution patterns or unexpected interface parameter usage that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4) If feasible, disable or replace the vulnerable raspap-webgui component until a patched version is released. 5) Engage with the RaspAP community or maintainers to obtain updates or patches as soon as they become available. 6) Employ host-based intrusion detection systems on Raspberry Pi devices to detect anomalous command executions. 7) Educate administrators about the risks of exposing management interfaces without proper access controls. These targeted mitigations go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, monitoring, and isolation tailored to the specific nature of this command injection vulnerability.