CVE-2025-5105 is a vulnerability identified in the TOZED ZLT W51 product, specifically affecting versions 1.4.0 through 1.4.2. The flaw resides in an unspecified functionality of the component listening on Service Port 7777. The vulnerability is characterized by improper clearing of heap memory before it is released. This means that sensitive data stored in heap memory may remain accessible after the memory is freed, potentially allowing an attacker to retrieve residual data that should have been erased. The vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring any authentication or user interaction, increasing the risk of exploitation. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The vector string (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N) shows that the attack can be performed over the network with low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction required, and impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent. The vendor has not responded to early disclosure attempts, and no patches or mitigations have been officially released. Although no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of active exploitation. The vulnerability's root cause is a failure to securely clear heap memory before releasing it, which can lead to information leakage or use-after-free conditions, potentially enabling further exploitation such as data disclosure or memory corruption attacks.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk, especially for those using TOZED ZLT W51 devices in their network infrastructure. The improper clearing of heap memory can lead to leakage of sensitive information, which may include credentials, cryptographic keys, or other confidential data residing in memory. This could facilitate further attacks such as unauthorized access, lateral movement, or data exfiltration. Since exploitation requires no authentication and can be performed remotely, exposed devices on public or poorly segmented networks are at higher risk. The impact on confidentiality is the most significant, with limited but non-negligible impacts on integrity and availability. Organizations in sectors with high security requirements, such as finance, healthcare, critical infrastructure, and government, could face compliance and reputational risks if exploited. The lack of vendor response and absence of patches increases the window of exposure, necessitating proactive mitigation. Additionally, the presence of the vulnerable service on port 7777 may be a vector for automated scanning and exploitation attempts, increasing the threat landscape for European enterprises.

Given the absence of official patches, European organizations should implement specific mitigations to reduce exposure. First, identify and inventory all TOZED ZLT W51 devices running affected versions (1.4.0 to 1.4.2) within the network. Restrict network access to Service Port 7777 by implementing firewall rules or access control lists (ACLs) to limit connections only to trusted management hosts or internal networks. Employ network segmentation to isolate vulnerable devices from critical assets and the internet. Monitor network traffic for unusual activity targeting port 7777 using intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) and security information and event management (SIEM) tools. If possible, disable or shut down the vulnerable service if it is not essential for operations. Conduct regular memory and process monitoring on affected devices to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. Engage with TOZED for updates or patches and plan for timely upgrades once fixes are available. Additionally, consider deploying endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect exploitation attempts and implement incident response plans tailored to memory corruption and data leakage scenarios.