CVE-2025-52021 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in the edit_product.php script of the PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced 1.0. The vulnerability stems from the unsafe handling of the product_id parameter passed via the HTTP GET method. This parameter is directly concatenated into a SQL query without any sanitization, validation, or use of parameterized queries, violating secure coding principles and CWE-89 standards. An attacker can exploit this flaw remotely without requiring authentication or user interaction, by crafting malicious input that alters the intended SQL command. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, compromising confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the backend database. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8, indicating critical severity with network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, and no user interaction needed. Although no known exploits are currently in the wild, the vulnerability's characteristics make it highly exploitable. The affected software is an online shopping system, which typically stores sensitive customer and transaction data, increasing the potential impact. The lack of available patches necessitates immediate mitigation through code review and implementation of secure coding practices such as prepared statements, input validation, and least privilege database access. Monitoring and logging database queries can help detect exploitation attempts.

For European organizations using the PuneethReddyHC Online Shopping System Advanced 1.0 or similar vulnerable e-commerce platforms, this vulnerability poses a severe risk. Exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive customer data, including personal and payment information, resulting in privacy violations and regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. Data integrity may be compromised by unauthorized modification or deletion of product or transaction records, disrupting business operations and damaging reputation. Availability of the e-commerce service could be affected if attackers execute destructive SQL commands or cause database corruption. The financial impact includes potential fines, remediation costs, and loss of customer trust. Additionally, attackers could leverage the compromised database to pivot into internal networks, escalating the threat. The remote, unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the likelihood of attacks, especially from opportunistic threat actors scanning for vulnerable e-commerce sites. European organizations with significant online retail presence are particularly at risk, as attackers often target such platforms for financial gain or data theft.

1. Immediately audit the edit_product.php code and all database interaction points to identify unsafe SQL query constructions. 2. Refactor vulnerable code to use parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL Injection. 3. Implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially GET parameters like product_id. 4. Apply the principle of least privilege to database accounts used by the web application, restricting permissions to only what is necessary. 5. Enable detailed logging and monitoring of database queries and web application activity to detect suspicious behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. If possible, deploy a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with rules to block SQL Injection payloads targeting the affected endpoints. 7. Conduct regular security testing, including automated scanning and manual code reviews, to identify and remediate injection flaws. 8. Educate developers on secure coding practices and the risks of SQL Injection vulnerabilities. 9. If a patch or updated version of the software becomes available, apply it promptly. 10. Consider isolating the e-commerce system in a segmented network zone to limit lateral movement in case of compromise.