CVE-2025-5225 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in Campcodes Advanced Online Voting System version 1.0. The vulnerability exists in an unspecified part of the /index.php file, specifically through manipulation of the 'voter' parameter. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL queries into the backend database. The injection can lead to unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, potentially compromising the integrity and confidentiality of the voting data. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring any authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. Although the CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, the impact on a critical system such as an online voting platform can be significant. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, and no official patches or mitigations have been published yet. No known exploits have been observed in the wild, but the exploit details have been publicly disclosed, increasing the likelihood of exploitation attempts.

For European organizations, especially governmental bodies or election commissions using Campcodes Advanced Online Voting System 1.0, this vulnerability poses a serious threat to the democratic process. Exploitation could allow attackers to manipulate election results, access sensitive voter information, or disrupt the availability of the voting system. This undermines public trust in electoral integrity and can lead to political instability. Additionally, exposure of voter data could violate GDPR regulations, resulting in legal and financial penalties. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the attack vector means that attackers can operate from anywhere, increasing the threat landscape. Even organizations not directly using this system could face indirect impacts if attackers leverage this vulnerability to spread misinformation or disrupt election-related services.

Immediate mitigation should focus on restricting access to the vulnerable parameter by implementing strict input validation and sanitization on the 'voter' argument to prevent SQL injection payloads. Employing prepared statements or parameterized queries in the backend code is critical to eliminate injection risks. Organizations should monitor network traffic for suspicious queries targeting the /index.php endpoint and deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to block known SQL injection patterns. Since no official patch is available, organizations should consider isolating the affected system from public networks or limiting access to trusted IP addresses until a vendor patch is released. Conducting a comprehensive security audit of the voting system and related infrastructure is recommended to identify any secondary vulnerabilities. Finally, organizations should prepare incident response plans specific to election security to quickly address any exploitation attempts.