CVE-2025-52578 identifies a vulnerability in the Gallagher High Sec End of Line Module, specifically related to the incorrect usage of seeds in its pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), classified under CWE-335. PRNGs are fundamental for cryptographic operations, and improper seeding can lead to predictable outputs, undermining the security of encrypted communications. This vulnerability affects the Command Centre Server versions 9.00 and earlier, as well as versions 9.10, 9.20, and 9.30 prior to their respective patch releases (vCR9.10.251028a, vCR9.20.251028a, vCR9.30.251028a). The flaw allows a sophisticated attacker with physical access to the device to potentially predict or manipulate internal communications, compromising confidentiality and integrity. The CVSS v3.1 score is 5.7 (medium), reflecting the requirement for physical access and high attack complexity, but no privileges or user interaction. The vulnerability does not affect availability. No public exploits are known, but the risk remains significant due to the sensitive nature of the systems involved. Gallagher’s High Sec End of Line Module is typically deployed in physical security environments, including access control and perimeter security, where secure internal communication is critical. The incorrect seeding could allow attackers to decrypt or spoof communications between components, potentially enabling unauthorized access or disruption of security monitoring. The vulnerability underscores the importance of robust cryptographic implementations and secure device management in physical security products.

For European organizations, especially those in critical infrastructure sectors such as energy, transportation, government facilities, and large enterprises relying on Gallagher security systems, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of internal device communications. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access or manipulation of security controls, undermining physical security measures and potentially enabling further attacks or breaches. The requirement for physical access limits remote exploitation but raises concerns about insider threats or attackers gaining physical proximity. Compromise of these systems could disrupt security monitoring and control, leading to safety risks and regulatory compliance issues under frameworks like GDPR and NIS Directive. The medium severity rating reflects the balance between the high impact on confidentiality/integrity and the high complexity and physical access requirements. Nonetheless, the strategic importance of affected systems in European critical infrastructure elevates the potential consequences of exploitation.

European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Prioritize upgrading Gallagher Command Centre Server installations to the patched versions (vCR9.10.251028a, vCR9.20.251028a, vCR9.30.251028a or later) as soon as they become available. 2) Enhance physical security controls around devices running the High Sec End of Line Module to prevent unauthorized physical access, including surveillance, access restrictions, and tamper-evident measures. 3) Conduct regular audits and integrity checks of device configurations and communications to detect anomalies indicative of exploitation attempts. 4) Employ network segmentation to isolate security system communications from broader enterprise networks, limiting lateral movement opportunities. 5) Train security personnel on the risks associated with physical access vulnerabilities and establish strict procedures for device handling and maintenance. 6) Monitor vendor advisories for updates or additional patches and apply them promptly. 7) Consider deploying additional cryptographic protections or monitoring tools to detect unusual communication patterns within the security system environment. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on the unique physical access requirement and the critical nature of the affected systems.