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CVE-2025-52939: CWE-787 Out-of-bounds Write in dail8859 NotepadNext

Critical
VulnerabilityCVE-2025-52939cvecve-2025-52939cwe-787
Published: Mon Jun 23 2025 (06/23/2025, 09:26:56 UTC)
Source: CVE Database V5
Vendor/Project: dail8859
Product: NotepadNext

Description

Out-of-bounds Write vulnerability in dail8859 NotepadNext (src/lua/src modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files ldebug.C, lvm.C. This issue affects NotepadNext: through v0.11.

AI-Powered Analysis

AILast updated: 06/23/2025, 10:04:36 UTC

Technical Analysis

CVE-2025-52939 is a critical out-of-bounds write vulnerability (CWE-787) identified in the NotepadNext application developed by dail8859, specifically affecting versions up to and including v0.11. The vulnerability resides in the source code modules related to Lua scripting integration, notably in the files ldebug.C and lvm.C. An out-of-bounds write occurs when a program writes data outside the boundaries of allocated memory buffers, which can lead to memory corruption, crashes, or arbitrary code execution. In this case, the vulnerability allows an attacker to write beyond the intended memory limits without requiring any privileges or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability at a high level, with the potential for complete system compromise (VC:H/VI:H/VA:H). The CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.4 reflects the critical severity of this flaw. The vulnerability does not currently have known exploits in the wild, but the ease of exploitation combined with the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements makes it a significant threat. The affected product, NotepadNext, is a text editor that supports Lua scripting, which may be used in various environments for automation or development tasks. The vulnerability's presence in core Lua modules suggests that crafted input or scripts could trigger the out-of-bounds write, potentially allowing remote or local attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause denial of service. No patches have been published at the time of this report, increasing the urgency for mitigation and monitoring.

Potential Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-52939 could be substantial, especially for those relying on NotepadNext for development, scripting, or automation tasks. Exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, enabling attackers to gain unauthorized access, escalate privileges, or disrupt operations. This could compromise sensitive data confidentiality, alter data integrity, and cause service outages. Organizations in sectors such as finance, government, technology, and critical infrastructure that use NotepadNext or integrate Lua scripting in workflows are at heightened risk. The vulnerability's ability to be exploited without authentication or user interaction means that automated attacks or worm-like propagation could occur, increasing the threat landscape. Additionally, the lack of patches means organizations must rely on interim mitigations, increasing operational complexity and risk exposure. The potential for supply chain impact exists if NotepadNext is embedded or bundled within other software products used by European enterprises.

Mitigation Recommendations

1. Immediate mitigation should include disabling or restricting the use of Lua scripting within NotepadNext until patches are available, especially in environments where untrusted input is processed. 2. Employ application whitelisting and strict execution policies to prevent unauthorized or malicious scripts from running. 3. Monitor and audit usage of NotepadNext and related Lua modules for unusual behavior or crashes that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4. Implement network segmentation and least privilege principles to limit the impact of a potential compromise. 5. Engage with the vendor (dail8859) to obtain timely patches or updates addressing this vulnerability. 6. Where possible, replace NotepadNext with alternative text editors that do not have this vulnerability or that have been verified as patched. 7. Use runtime application self-protection (RASP) or endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools capable of detecting memory corruption or exploitation attempts related to out-of-bounds writes. 8. Educate developers and users about the risks of executing untrusted scripts and enforce strict code review policies for Lua scripts used within the organization.

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Technical Details

Data Version
5.1
Assigner Short Name
GovTech CSG
Date Reserved
2025-06-23T09:24:36.336Z
Cvss Version
4.0
State
PUBLISHED

Threat ID: 68592327179a4edd60b65f50

Added to database: 6/23/2025, 9:49:27 AM

Last enriched: 6/23/2025, 10:04:36 AM

Last updated: 8/16/2025, 3:33:16 PM

Views: 25

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