CVE-2025-53151 is a use-after-free vulnerability classified under CWE-416 found in the Windows Kernel of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability arises when the kernel improperly manages memory, freeing an object while it is still in use, which can lead to memory corruption. An authorized local attacker can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code in kernel mode, effectively elevating their privileges from a limited user context to SYSTEM level. The vulnerability does not require user interaction, making it more straightforward to exploit once local access is obtained. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high severity due to the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and limited privileges required. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the vulnerability poses a significant risk because it targets the core of the operating system, potentially allowing attackers to bypass security controls and gain persistent, high-level access. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates proactive mitigation strategies. This vulnerability is particularly relevant for environments still running Windows 10 Version 1809, which is an older release but may remain in use in some enterprise or industrial contexts.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-53151 is substantial. Exploitation could allow attackers to gain SYSTEM-level privileges on affected machines, leading to full control over endpoints. This can result in unauthorized data access, modification, or deletion, disruption of critical services, and the potential deployment of further malware or ransomware. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure are especially vulnerable due to the sensitive nature of their data and operations. The vulnerability’s requirement for local access limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, as attackers could leverage phishing, insider threats, or lateral movement within networks to gain the necessary foothold. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for organizations to strengthen defenses before active exploitation occurs. However, the high severity and kernel-level impact mean that successful exploitation could have widespread consequences, including regulatory penalties under GDPR if personal data is compromised.

Given the absence of an official patch, European organizations should implement several targeted mitigations: 1) Restrict local administrative access and enforce the principle of least privilege to minimize the number of users who can exploit this vulnerability. 2) Harden endpoint security by deploying application whitelisting and behavior-based detection tools that can identify suspicious kernel-level activity. 3) Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for unusual privilege escalation attempts and memory corruption indicators. 4) Segment networks to limit lateral movement opportunities for attackers who gain local access. 5) Ensure all systems are regularly audited for unauthorized local accounts or services that could be leveraged. 6) Prepare for rapid deployment of official patches once Microsoft releases them, including testing in controlled environments. 7) Educate users about the risks of local access compromise vectors such as phishing or removable media. 8) Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to mitigate potential damage from exploitation. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on controlling local access and monitoring kernel-level behaviors specific to this vulnerability.