CVE-2025-53174 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-121) identified in Huawei's HarmonyOS versions 5.1.0 and 5.0.1. The flaw arises during the parsing of vector images when users preview files. Specifically, the vulnerability occurs because the software does not properly validate or limit the size of data buffers allocated on the stack while processing vector image files. This can lead to an overflow condition where excess data overwrites adjacent memory on the stack. While the vulnerability does not impact confidentiality or integrity directly, it affects availability by potentially causing application crashes or denial of service (DoS) conditions during file preview operations. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 4.0 (medium severity), reflecting that exploitation requires local access (attack vector: local), low attack complexity, no privileges required, and no user interaction needed. There are no known exploits in the wild and no patches currently published. The vulnerability is limited in scope to the file preview function and does not appear to allow code execution or privilege escalation. However, stack-based buffer overflows can sometimes be leveraged for more severe attacks if combined with other vulnerabilities or misconfigurations. Given the nature of the flaw, exploitation would require an attacker to provide a maliciously crafted vector image file and have it previewed on a vulnerable HarmonyOS device. This suggests a local or insider threat model or possibly a scenario where a user is tricked into opening a malicious file. The vulnerability was reserved on June 27, 2025, and published on July 7, 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-53174 lies in potential disruption of services or user productivity due to application crashes or denial of service when previewing vector image files on HarmonyOS devices. While HarmonyOS is less prevalent in Europe compared to other operating systems, Huawei devices running HarmonyOS may be used in certain sectors or by specific user groups. The vulnerability does not directly compromise data confidentiality or integrity, reducing the risk of data breaches. However, if exploited in environments where HarmonyOS devices are integrated into critical workflows, such as manufacturing, telecommunications, or government agencies using Huawei hardware, the availability impact could lead to operational interruptions. Additionally, the lack of known exploits and the medium severity score suggest a moderate risk level currently, but organizations should remain vigilant given the potential for future exploit development. The threat is more relevant in contexts where users handle vector image files frequently and where file preview functionality is commonly used. In environments with strict security policies and limited local access, the risk is further mitigated.

To mitigate CVE-2025-53174, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Restrict local access to HarmonyOS devices to trusted personnel only, minimizing the risk of malicious file preview attempts. 2) Educate users about the risks of opening or previewing untrusted vector image files, especially from unknown sources or unsolicited communications. 3) Monitor and control file types allowed on HarmonyOS devices, potentially disabling or restricting vector image file previews if not essential. 4) Employ application whitelisting or sandboxing techniques to isolate the file preview function, limiting the impact of any crashes or exploits. 5) Maintain close communication with Huawei for timely patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. 6) Implement endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying anomalous behavior related to file preview processes on HarmonyOS devices. 7) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on file handling components of HarmonyOS to identify any additional weaknesses. These targeted mitigations go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, user awareness, and containment strategies specific to the nature of this vulnerability.