CVE-2025-53797 is a buffer over-read vulnerability identified in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) component of Microsoft Windows Server 2019, specifically version 10.0.17763.0. This vulnerability is classified under CWE-126, which involves improper bounds checking leading to reading beyond the allocated buffer. The flaw allows an unauthorized attacker to remotely trigger the RRAS service to read memory beyond the intended buffer limits. As a result, sensitive information residing in adjacent memory areas may be disclosed over the network. The vulnerability requires no privileges (PR:N) but does require user interaction (UI:R), meaning an attacker must convince a user to initiate some action, such as connecting to a malicious RRAS endpoint or interacting with a crafted network packet. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), and the attack complexity is low (AC:L), indicating that exploitation does not require specialized conditions. The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the impact is limited to the vulnerable component without affecting other system components. The confidentiality impact is high (C:H), as sensitive information disclosure is possible, but integrity and availability are not affected (I:N, A:N). The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.5, categorizing it as a medium severity vulnerability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to gather sensitive data from affected Windows Server 2019 systems running RRAS, potentially aiding further attacks such as reconnaissance or credential harvesting. Given RRAS's role in routing and remote access, this vulnerability could be exploited in environments where RRAS is enabled and exposed to untrusted networks or users. The requirement for user interaction limits the attack surface somewhat but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments with remote users or partners connecting via RRAS.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-53797 can be significant, particularly for enterprises and service providers relying on Windows Server 2019 with RRAS enabled for VPN, routing, or remote access services. Confidentiality breaches could expose sensitive internal network information, user credentials, or configuration data, potentially facilitating lateral movement or further exploitation. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure that depend on secure remote access are at heightened risk. The medium severity rating reflects that while the vulnerability does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the information disclosure could undermine trust and compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR. Additionally, the requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to trigger the exploit, increasing risk in organizations with less mature security awareness. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate threat but does not preclude future weaponization. Organizations with exposed RRAS endpoints accessible from the internet or untrusted networks face the greatest risk of exploitation.

1. Disable RRAS if it is not required in your environment to eliminate the attack surface. 2. Restrict RRAS access to trusted networks and users only, using network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure. 3. Implement strict user awareness training to reduce the likelihood of successful social engineering or phishing attempts that could trigger user interaction. 4. Monitor network traffic for unusual RRAS connection attempts or malformed packets that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Apply any forthcoming security patches from Microsoft promptly once released. 6. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect anomalous behavior related to RRAS services. 7. Review and harden RRAS configuration to minimize unnecessary features and services that could be leveraged by attackers. 8. Conduct regular vulnerability assessments and penetration testing focusing on remote access services to identify and remediate weaknesses proactively.