CVE-2025-54105 is a race condition vulnerability categorized under CWE-362, found in the Microsoft Brokering File System component of Windows Server 2025, specifically affecting the Server Core installation (version 10.0.26100.0). The flaw arises from improper synchronization when multiple threads or processes concurrently access shared resources, leading to a race condition. This condition can be exploited by an attacker with local, low-level privileges to elevate their privileges to higher levels, potentially SYSTEM-level. The vulnerability does not require user interaction but does require local access, and the attack complexity is high due to the need for precise timing and conditions. The CVSS v3.1 score is 7.0, reflecting high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with attack vector local, attack complexity high, privileges required low, and no user interaction. Exploiting this vulnerability could allow unauthorized modification or control over critical system components, leading to full system compromise. Currently, no public exploits are known, and no patches have been released yet, but the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and should be addressed promptly once mitigations are available.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those deploying Windows Server 2025 Server Core installations in critical infrastructure, financial services, government, and large enterprises. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized privilege escalation, allowing attackers to bypass security controls, access sensitive data, disrupt services, or deploy further malware. The high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability means that data breaches, service outages, or system takeovers could occur. Given the local access requirement, insider threats or attackers who have gained initial footholds could leverage this vulnerability to escalate privileges and move laterally within networks. This elevates the risk profile for organizations with complex, multi-tiered server environments. The lack of current exploits reduces immediate risk but also means organizations must be proactive in monitoring and patching to prevent future exploitation.

1. Monitor Microsoft security advisories closely and apply official patches or updates as soon as they become available. 2. Restrict local access to Windows Server 2025 Server Core installations by enforcing strict access controls, limiting administrative privileges, and using just-in-time access models. 3. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect unusual privilege escalation attempts or race condition exploitation behaviors. 4. Harden server configurations by disabling unnecessary services and minimizing the attack surface on Server Core installations. 5. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focusing on privilege escalation vectors. 6. Implement robust logging and alerting for local privilege escalation attempts to enable rapid incident response. 7. Use application whitelisting and integrity verification tools to detect unauthorized changes to system files or processes. 8. Educate system administrators and security teams about the vulnerability specifics to improve detection and response capabilities.