VulnerabilityPublished 20 Jan 2026Updated 21 Jan 2026

CVE-2025-54157: MedDream PACS Premium · Cross-site Scripting

Affects MedDream PACS PremiumSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.1 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 12:55 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

6.1Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 28% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: Required
Scope: Changed
Confidentiality: Low
Integrity: Low
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: Required: Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires a user to take some action before the vulnerability can be exploited.
Scope: Changed: An exploited vulnerability can affect resources beyond the security scope managed by the security authority of the vulnerable component. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are different and managed by different security authorities.
Confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the impacted component.
Integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact on the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 20 Jan 2026
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
MedDreamMedDream PACS Premium	Affected =7.3.6.870	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Apply vendor patches immediately once they become available to address the vulnerability in the encapsulatedDoc functionality.
Until patches are released, implement web application firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block malicious payloads targeting the vulnerable parameter.
Enforce strict input validation and output encoding on all user-supplied data within the PACS web interface to prevent script injection.
Educate healthcare staff and users about the risks of clicking on unsolicited or suspicious URLs, emphasizing phishing awareness.
Implement multi-factor authentication (MFA) for access to the PACS system to reduce the impact of session hijacking.
Monitor web server logs and network traffic for unusual patterns indicative of attempted exploitation.
Segment the PACS network environment to limit lateral movement if a compromise occurs.
Conduct regular security assessments and penetration testing focused on web application vulnerabilities.
Review and harden browser security settings and consider Content Security Policy (CSP) headers to restrict script execution.
Maintain up-to-date backups of PACS data to ensure recovery in case of compromise.

Description

CVE-2025-54157 is a reflected cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in MedDream PACS Premium version 7.3.6.870, specifically in the encapsulatedDoc functionality. An attacker can craft a malicious URL that, when visited by a user, executes arbitrary JavaScript code in the victim's browser. This vulnerability requires user interaction (clicking the malicious link) but does not require authentication. The CVSS score is 6.1 (medium severity) reflecting limited confidentiality and integrity impact without availability impact. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild. European healthcare organizations using MedDream PACS Premium should be aware of this risk as it could lead to session hijacking, phishing, or unauthorized actions within the PACS web interface.

Impact

For European organizations, particularly healthcare providers using MedDream PACS Premium, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized access to patient imaging data and manipulation of the PACS interface through injected scripts. Although the direct impact on availability is none, the confidentiality and integrity of sensitive medical information could be compromised, potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. Attackers could leverage this vulnerability to conduct phishing attacks, steal session cookies, or perform unauthorized actions on behalf of legitimate users, undermining trust in healthcare IT systems. The risk is heightened in environments where users are less trained to recognize phishing attempts or where multi-factor authentication is not enforced. Additionally, exploitation could facilitate lateral movement within hospital networks, increasing the overall security risk. The medium severity score reflects these concerns but also the requirement for user interaction limits automated exploitation. Nonetheless, the sensitive nature of healthcare data and regulatory implications make this a critical concern for European healthcare institutions.

CWE-79Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessLikelihood of exploit: HighCWE Top 25 (2025): #1OWASP Top 10 A05:2025: Injection (opens in a new tab)
The product does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.
Architecture and Design · Libraries or Frameworks
Use a vetted library or framework that does not allow this weakness to occur or provides constructs that make this weakness easier to avoid.
Implementation · Architecture and Design
Understand the context in which your data will be used and the encoding that will be expected. This is especially important when transmitting data between different components, or when generating outputs that can contain multiple encodings at the same time, such as web pages or multi-part mail messages.
Architecture and Design · Implementation · Attack Surface Reduction
Understand all the potential areas where untrusted inputs can enter your software: parameters or arguments, cookies, anything read from the network, environment variables, reverse DNS lookups, query results, request headers, URL components, e-mail, files, filenames, databases, and any external systems that provide…
OWASP Cheat Sheets
Cross Site Scripting Prevention (opens in a new tab)
DOM based XSS Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Injection Prevention (opens in a new tab)
Abuse Case (opens in a new tab)
Deserialization (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V5.3.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.5.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XSS Using MIME Type Mismatch (opens in a new tab)
DOM-Based XSS (opens in a new tab)
Reflected XSS (opens in a new tab)
Stored XSS (opens in a new tab)
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 27 Jan 2026, 20:12 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-79

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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