CVE-2025-54190 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability (CWE-125) affecting Adobe Substance3D - Painter versions 11.0.2 and earlier. This vulnerability arises when the software improperly handles memory boundaries while processing certain inputs, specifically when opening crafted malicious files. An out-of-bounds read can cause the application to read memory locations outside the intended buffer, potentially disclosing sensitive information stored in adjacent memory regions. Exploitation requires user interaction, meaning a victim must open a maliciously crafted file to trigger the vulnerability. The vulnerability does not allow modification or deletion of data (no integrity or availability impact), but it can lead to confidentiality breaches by leaking sensitive memory contents. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5 (medium severity), reflecting that the attack vector is local (AV:L), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:N), but does require user interaction (UI:R). The scope remains unchanged (S:U), and the impact is high on confidentiality (C:H), with no impact on integrity (I:N) or availability (A:N). There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no patches have yet been linked or released. The vulnerability is specific to Adobe Substance3D - Painter, a widely used 3D texturing and painting software in creative industries.

For European organizations, especially those in creative sectors such as game development, animation, visual effects, and digital media production, this vulnerability poses a risk of sensitive information disclosure. The leaked memory could contain proprietary project data, user credentials, or other confidential information residing in the application's memory space. Although the vulnerability does not allow code execution or system compromise, the confidentiality breach could lead to intellectual property theft or leakage of sensitive client data. Organizations handling sensitive or regulated data (e.g., personal data under GDPR) must be particularly cautious, as any leakage could have compliance implications. Since exploitation requires user interaction, social engineering or phishing campaigns targeting creative professionals could be used to deliver malicious files. The impact is thus more pronounced in environments where users frequently exchange and open third-party or external 3D asset files without strict validation.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Restrict the opening of Substance3D - Painter project files to trusted sources only; implement file validation and scanning for malicious content before opening. 2) Educate users, particularly creative teams, about the risks of opening files from unknown or untrusted origins and train them to recognize suspicious files. 3) Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to limit the impact of any potential exploitation. 4) Monitor for updates from Adobe and apply patches promptly once available; in the meantime, consider temporarily restricting the use of vulnerable versions or isolating affected workstations. 5) Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to monitor for unusual application behavior that could indicate exploitation attempts. 6) Implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement if a breach occurs. 7) Maintain regular backups of critical project data to prevent data loss from any indirect consequences.