CVE-2025-54224 is a Use After Free (CWE-416) vulnerability found in Adobe InDesign Desktop versions 20.4, 19.5.4, and earlier. The vulnerability arises when the software improperly manages memory, leading to a condition where previously freed memory is accessed. This can be exploited by an attacker who crafts a malicious InDesign file that, when opened by a user, triggers the Use After Free condition. This results in arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user, potentially allowing the attacker to execute malicious payloads, manipulate data, or disrupt application availability. The vulnerability requires user interaction, specifically opening a malicious file, and does not require prior authentication, increasing the attack surface in environments where users frequently exchange InDesign files. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects high severity due to the combination of local attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, required user interaction, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no exploits have been observed in the wild yet, the vulnerability's nature and impact make it a critical concern for organizations using affected versions. Adobe has not yet published patches at the time of this report, emphasizing the need for interim mitigations.

The exploitation of CVE-2025-54224 can lead to arbitrary code execution under the current user's privileges, potentially allowing attackers to steal sensitive information, modify or delete files, install malware, or disrupt system operations. Since Adobe InDesign is widely used in creative industries, media, and publishing, successful exploitation could compromise intellectual property and disrupt business workflows. The requirement for user interaction limits automated exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where users frequently open files from external or untrusted sources. The vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability, making it a comprehensive threat. Organizations with high reliance on Adobe InDesign for content creation and document management are particularly vulnerable, and the impact could extend to supply chain risks if malicious files propagate through collaborative workflows.

Until Adobe releases an official patch, organizations should implement strict controls on file handling and user behavior. This includes disabling or restricting the opening of InDesign files from untrusted or unknown sources, employing email and endpoint security solutions to detect and block malicious files, and educating users about the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious files. Application whitelisting and sandboxing Adobe InDesign processes can limit the impact of exploitation. Monitoring for unusual process behavior or memory access patterns related to InDesign may help detect exploitation attempts. Organizations should prioritize patching affected systems immediately upon availability of updates from Adobe. Additionally, maintaining regular backups and implementing robust incident response plans will help mitigate potential damage from exploitation.