CVE-2025-54280 is an out-of-bounds write vulnerability (CWE-787) found in Adobe Substance3D - Viewer, a tool used for viewing 3D content. Versions 0.25.2 and earlier are affected. The vulnerability arises when the application improperly handles input data from files, allowing an attacker to write data outside the intended memory bounds. This memory corruption can lead to arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user. Exploitation requires the victim to open a specially crafted malicious file, making user interaction mandatory. The vulnerability does not require any privileges or authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity but requiring user interaction. No patches or fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits have been detected in the wild. Adobe Substance3D - Viewer is widely used in digital content creation workflows, making this a significant concern for organizations relying on this software for 3D asset visualization.

For European organizations, especially those in the creative, media, and design sectors, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution, allowing attackers to steal sensitive intellectual property, manipulate 3D assets, or disrupt workflows by corrupting or deleting data. Since the vulnerability runs with the privileges of the current user, the impact depends on user permissions but could extend to lateral movement within networks if elevated privileges are obtained. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but targeted spear-phishing or supply chain attacks could be effective. The lack of a patch increases exposure time, and organizations using Substance3D - Viewer in production environments are particularly vulnerable. Data confidentiality and integrity are at high risk, and availability could be impacted if attackers deploy destructive payloads.

Until Adobe releases a patch, organizations should implement strict controls on file sources, only opening 3D files from trusted origins. User awareness training should emphasize the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious files, especially those related to 3D content. Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to limit the ability of the viewer to execute arbitrary code or affect other system components. Network segmentation can reduce the risk of lateral movement if exploitation occurs. Monitor endpoint behavior for anomalies such as unexpected process creation or memory access violations related to Substance3D - Viewer. Consider temporarily restricting or disabling the use of Substance3D - Viewer in high-risk environments until a fix is available. Maintain up-to-date backups of critical data to recover from potential destructive attacks.