CVE-2025-54314 is a vulnerability identified in the Ruby on Rails ecosystem, specifically in the Thor library prior to version 1.4.0. Thor is a toolkit used for building command-line interfaces in Ruby applications. The vulnerability is classified as CWE-78, which corresponds to OS Command Injection due to improper neutralization of special elements used in OS commands. The issue arises because Thor can construct shell commands from library input in an unsafe manner. However, the supplier disputes the exploitability of this vulnerability, stating that the affected method only uses arguments controlled internally by Thor, and external attackers cannot influence these arguments. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 2.8, indicating a low severity level. The vector string (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N) shows that the attack requires local access (AV:L), high attack complexity (AC:H), low privileges (PR:L), no user interaction (UI:N), and impacts integrity with a scope change (S:C), but no confidentiality or availability impact. No known exploits are reported in the wild, and no patches are linked yet. This vulnerability primarily affects developers and environments using vulnerable versions of Thor, potentially allowing limited integrity compromise through local command injection if the internal controls are bypassed or misused.

For European organizations, the direct impact of CVE-2025-54314 is limited due to its low severity and the requirement for local access with high attack complexity. However, organizations that develop or maintain Ruby on Rails applications using Thor versions prior to 1.4.0 could face risks if internal safeguards fail or if the vulnerability is leveraged in a chained attack scenario. The integrity of systems could be compromised locally, potentially allowing unauthorized command execution within the scope of the affected process. This could lead to unauthorized modifications of application behavior or data. Given the dispute by the vendor regarding exploitability, the practical risk remains low but should not be ignored, especially in development or staging environments where local access might be less restricted. European organizations with significant Ruby on Rails development activities or those relying on third-party Ruby gems should be aware of this vulnerability to avoid potential supply chain or internal threats.

European organizations should ensure that all Ruby on Rails projects using Thor upgrade to version 1.4.0 or later, where this vulnerability is addressed. Since no official patch links are provided, monitoring the Thor repository and RubyGems for updates is critical. Additionally, restrict local access to development and production environments to trusted personnel only, minimizing the risk of local exploitation. Implement strict code review and dependency management practices to detect and replace vulnerable gem versions. Employ runtime security monitoring to detect anomalous command executions within Ruby processes. For environments where upgrading is not immediately possible, consider sandboxing or containerizing Ruby applications to limit the impact of potential command injections. Finally, maintain an inventory of Ruby gems and their versions to quickly identify and remediate vulnerable components.