CVE-2025-5505 is a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability identified in the TOTOLINK A3002RU router, specifically in firmware version 2.1.1-B20230720.1011. The vulnerability resides in the Virtual Server Page component, within the processing of the /boafrm/formPortFw endpoint. An attacker can manipulate the 'service_type' argument to inject malicious scripts. This flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary scripts in the context of the victim's browser without requiring authentication, although user interaction is necessary to trigger the payload. The vulnerability is classified as problematic with a CVSS 4.8 (medium) score, indicating moderate risk. The vendor has not responded to disclosure attempts, and no patches are currently available. While no known exploits are reported in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The vulnerability can lead to session hijacking, credential theft, or unauthorized actions performed on behalf of the user accessing the router's web interface. Since the attack vector is remote and requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering could be used to lure users into triggering the exploit. The absence of vendor response and patch availability increases the window of exposure for affected devices.

For European organizations, especially small and medium enterprises or home office users relying on TOTOLINK A3002RU routers, this vulnerability poses a tangible risk. Exploitation could compromise the confidentiality and integrity of network management sessions, potentially allowing attackers to alter router configurations, redirect traffic, or gain further foothold into internal networks. This could lead to data leakage, disruption of services, or facilitate more advanced attacks such as man-in-the-middle or lateral movement within corporate networks. Given that the vulnerability requires user interaction, the risk is higher in environments where users frequently access router management interfaces without strict security controls. The lack of vendor patches means organizations must rely on compensating controls. The impact is more pronounced in sectors with sensitive data or critical infrastructure relying on these devices for network connectivity and security.

Organizations should immediately audit their network environments to identify the presence of TOTOLINK A3002RU routers running the vulnerable firmware version. Where possible, restrict access to the router's management interface to trusted internal networks only, using firewall rules or network segmentation to block remote access. Disable remote management features if not strictly necessary. Implement strict user awareness training to prevent phishing or social engineering attempts that could trigger the XSS attack. Employ web filtering solutions to block malicious payloads or suspicious URLs targeting the router interface. Monitor network traffic for unusual activity indicative of exploitation attempts. Since no official patch is available, consider replacing affected devices with models from vendors providing timely security updates. Additionally, use multi-factor authentication on network management interfaces if supported to reduce the risk of unauthorized access following exploitation.