VulnerabilityPublished 15 Oct 2025

CVE-2025-55081: Eclipse Foundation NetX Duo · Buffer Over-read

Affects Eclipse Foundation NetX DuoSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.9 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 08:30 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.3% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 30% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: None
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 15 Oct 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Eclipse Foundation NetX Duo	Affected =0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

To mitigate CVE-2025-55081, European organizations should prioritize upgrading all affected NetX Duo instances to version 6.4.4 or later once the patch is released by the Eclipse Foundation. Until patches are available, organizations should implement network-level defenses such as deep packet inspection to detect and block malformed TLS client hello messages with anomalous length fields. Employing strict input validation and anomaly detection on TLS traffic can reduce exposure. For embedded devices where immediate patching is challenging, consider isolating vulnerable devices within segmented network zones with restricted inbound access. Device manufacturers should review and harden TLS handshake processing code to enforce strict length checks and bounds validation. Additionally, organizations should monitor threat intelligence feeds for any emerging exploit attempts targeting this vulnerability. Conducting security assessments and penetration tests focusing on TLS implementations in embedded systems can help identify and remediate potential attack vectors. Finally, maintain an inventory of all devices using NetX Duo to ensure comprehensive coverage during patch deployment.

Description

In Eclipse Foundation NextX Duo before 6.4.4, a module of ThreadX, the _nx_secure_tls_process_clienthello() function was missing length verification of certain SSL/TLS client hello message: the ciphersuite length and compression method length. In case of an attacker-crafted message with values outside of the expected range, it could cause an out-of-bound read.

Impact

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-55081 lies in the potential exposure of sensitive memory contents due to out-of-bounds reads during TLS handshakes. This could lead to partial information disclosure, which might include cryptographic material or other sensitive data residing in memory. Additionally, the vulnerability could cause device instability or crashes, impacting availability of critical embedded or IoT systems. Sectors relying heavily on embedded devices with secure communications—such as automotive, industrial control systems, healthcare devices, and telecommunications—may face operational disruptions or increased risk of targeted attacks exploiting this flaw. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements means attackers can remotely target vulnerable devices over the network, increasing the threat surface. While no known exploits exist yet, the medium severity rating and widespread use of NetX Duo in European-manufactured embedded products underscore the need for vigilance. Failure to address this vulnerability could lead to reputational damage, regulatory scrutiny under GDPR if personal data is exposed, and potential safety risks in critical infrastructure environments.

CWE-126Buffer Over-read (opens in a new tab)
Variant weakness
The product reads from a buffer using buffer access mechanisms such as indexes or pointers that reference memory locations after the targeted buffer.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
XML Security (opens in a new tab)
Mass Assignment (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V13.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.4 (opens in a new tab)
V5.1.3 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

github.com/eclipse-threadx/netxduo/security/advisories/GHSA-5vrv-8j5h-h6h6 (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 15 Oct 2025, 10:59 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-126

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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